WEBVTT

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Hello, my name is Madison

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Sant and I'm from Mary P Laboratories
Parasitology department.

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This presentation will cover Plasmodium
and Bbca species.

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Please follow the Parasitology Practice
worksheet while listening to the lecture.

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Feel free to pause the lecture.
Take your notes.

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Write down any questions you may have

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so that we can discuss them
when we meet in person.

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If you will not be meeting a person,
I would suggest talking to your professor

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about any questions you may have.

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The organisms we will
discuss are Plasmodium falciparum,

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Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium valley,
Plasmodium malaria and Bbca.

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The same commonly used to detect
blood parasites as against the seen.

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Thick and thin smears are made
from whole blood and EDTA.

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The thick smears are used to detect
the presence of parasites,

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while the thin smears are used
for species level identification.

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The four
main species of malaria Plasmodium

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falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium
evali and plasma malaria.

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The malaria parasite life cycle involves
two hosts.

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Most species are transmitted
by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.

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Infected female mosquitoes inject spores.

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The whites, when taking a blood meal.

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Sport is also carried through the blood

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to the liver when they invade hepatocytes
and form sky's horns.

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The liver scars on rupture, releasing
Mary's voice that invades erythrocytes.

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Starting the year
three cycle, early ring forms

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develop into mature trapezoids
and take on one of two pathways.

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One the develop into scars
on which rupture and continue

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with a cycle or two
they develop into commuter sites.

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Commuter sites are dead
end stage in the human host,

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but are required for sexual reproduction
in the mosquito

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and the mosquito host microcomputer
sites, the males eggs

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in fertilized macro commuter
sites, the females resulting in oh cannot

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okay needs further development into Osis,

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which when mature, rupture and release
infective spores.

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Whites.

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The most frequent symptoms of malaria
include fever and chills,

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which can be accompanied by headache,
weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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Other clinical features and includes

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spin to make Eylea,
anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperglycemia,

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pulmonary or renal dysfunction,
and neurologic changes.

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The clinical presentation can vary
substantially depending on the affected

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species.

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The level purse, tamia
and the immune cells of the patient.

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Infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum

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are the most likely to progress
to severe, potentially fatal forms

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with central nervous system involvement,
also known as cerebral malaria, acute

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renal failure, severe anemia, and acute
respiratory distress.

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In the syndrome.

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Other species can also have severe
manifestations.

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Complications of Plasmodium by that vivax
include spinal magli

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and those with positive malaria
include nephrotic syndrome.

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Recognition of Plasmodium
is based on observing

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the stages of the parasite inside
the infected red blood cells.

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Identification of Plasmodium,
A species level is important for patient

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management, as different species
may be treated differently.

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On this page, we'll discuss the stages

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generally using Plasmodium
malaria as an example.

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Figure one is a normal red blood cell,

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the early trapezoids
and ring stage of malaria.

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So figures two through
five is characterized by a blue ring of

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cytoplasm with one or more reddish purple

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chromatin dots in a lacy surface,
a white figure six through 13.

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The cytoplasm expands and becomes more me
buoyed.

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Softener stippling
may be present on the stage

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for Plasmodium
vivax and Plasmodium valley.

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The early skies on figures 14 through 17

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has thicker
cytoplasm and development on the Mary.

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So I took her
pigment is brown to black and appears

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to be diffuse in the early stages
of Skye's art development.

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And the latest guidance figures 18 through

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22, pigment is coalesce or clump together.

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Individual Mary Swartz can be seen.

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The cameo sites for years 23 through 25

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is mostly cytoplasm
with some chromatin present.

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Plasmodium falciparum
is the predominant species in the world

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and is found throughout the tropics
and subtropics,

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particularly in Africa and Asia.

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Impose meaningful SIP from late
trapezoids and skies

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on its expressive protein
on the surface of the earth

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or acidic membrane,
causing the infected urethra site

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to adhere to the endothelial
lining of capillaries and internal organs.

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Thus, only ring forms and gamete sites are
usually seen in peripheral blood smears.

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Mary.

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So I will invade red
blood cells of all stages.

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So infected red blood cells are oftentimes
normal acidic.

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Your cycle is about 36 to 48 hours.

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Infected red blood cells
may contain multiple rings.

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The rings are small, less than one
third of the red blood cell diameter.

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The cytoplasm is thin and delicate.

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Chromatin can create headphones or double
cross and dots, and appliqué forms

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where the chromatin dot is on the edge
of the red blood cell membrane.

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The rings can also be extracellular
gamete of sites or crescent shaped.

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Plasmodium vivax has a wide distribution

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and is found in tropics,
subtropics and tempered zones.

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All stages can be seen in
peripheral blood.

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Mary sites show
preference for reticular sites,

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so in fact the red blood
cells are oftentimes macro acidic.

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There is a persistent persistent extra
through acidic stage and the liver cells.

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The results in a dormancy
for about 3 to 6 months.

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So relapses may occur
if not properly treated.

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The year
orthostatic cycle is 44 to 48 hours.

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The infected red blood

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cells are enlarged and oftentimes
hug the surrounding red blood cells.

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Schaffner sibling
may appear as the trophies so mature

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the rings are large, usually greater than
one third the red blood cell diameter.

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The cytoplasm is sturdy, with
one single chromatin dot as the surface

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sites mature, the cytoplasm expands
and becomes polymorphic and me buoyed.

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Mature guys on

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some Plasmodium
vivax contain 12 to 24 merry sites.

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Give me sites are large and round
and usually fill the entire red blood

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cell, making the outline
the red blood cell hard to see.

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Past Noma Valley can be found in West
and central Africa,

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India, Southeast Asia, the Philippines,
New Guinea and other areas.

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It is not found in central South America.

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So I like to say Plasmodium
no valley to help me remember,

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all stages can be seen
in the peripheral blood.

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Mary. So I show a preference
for particular sites.

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So in fact the red blood
cells are oftentimes macro acidic.

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There's a persistent X
or your acidic state in the liver cells.

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The results
in a dormancy for several months.

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So relapses
may occur if not properly treated.

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The Earth acidic cycle is 44 to 48 hours.

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The infected red blood cells are in large
and may be elongated or braided,

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so the edges of red blood cell
appear to be fringed.

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The rings are large, with sturdy
cytoplasm and 1 or 2 chromatin dots.

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Laid surface sites are compact,
a slightly me buoyed

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paths.

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Monument Valley Skye's arts
contain 6 to 14 Mary sites.

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The Guinea sites are large and round, and
tend to fill the entire red blood cell.

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Plasmodium
malaria has wide global distribution

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being found in South America,
Asia and Africa.

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All stages of Plasmodium
malaria can be seen in peripheral blood.

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Mary Sweat showed preference for mature
red blood cells,

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so in fact the red blood
cells are oftentimes micro acidic.

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The urethra cycle is every 72 hours

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rings of sturdy cytoplasm
with a single chromatin dot.

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The chromatin dot may be encircled by the
cytoplasm, creating a bird's eye form.

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This form may also be seen in pores
may involve sperm,

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but it's more commonly
seen in Plasmodium. Malaria.

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As the trapezoids

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mature, the cytoplasm elongate
across the host red blood cell,

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forming a band form, or may be oval
with a vacuole forming a basket form.

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Chromatin is usually in a single mass,

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with pigment granules visible.

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Pores muddy.

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Malaria skies.

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Aunts have 6 to 12 Mary's voids
that are often arranged

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in a rosette pattern,
with a central mass of pigment.

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Kimia sites are round, small and compact.

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No how this how small?

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The infected red blood cells are compared
to the surrounding red blood cells.

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The ABC has a worldwide distribution,

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with most reported cases in Europe
and the United States.

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There are more than 100 species,
but only a few cause human infections.

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Most infections are asymptomatic,
but manifestations can include fever,

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chills, sweating, fatigue, pallor,
spring a magli and hemolytic anemia.

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Bat BGA infected eggs 46

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injects for insights into the rodent host
during a blood meal spree.

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So it's.

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Enter your three sites and undergo
asexual reproduction in the blood.

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Some parasites differentiate
into male and female gametes.

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Another tick takes a blood meal,
and the gametes unite

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and undergo a cycle, resulting in spores
sites.

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Humans can become infected either
by being fed upon by an infected tick

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or through blood transfusions.

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Baby Asia parasites resemble Plasmodium
falciparum.

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However, BBG has several
distinguishing features.

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The parasites are polymorphic,
so they vary in size and shape.

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They can be evacuated
and they do not produce pigment.

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Berbizier rings can be
teardrop shaped or pure form.

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The rings are small and delicate,
about 161 third.

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The red blood cell diameter
tetrad or Maltese cross forms can be seen.

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Extrasolar rings are commonly
seen and appear as clumps.

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The images and
life cycles are courtesy of the centers

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for Disease Control and as laboratory
diagnostic assistance website DPT.