To Vaccinate or Not To Vaccinate: A Laboratory Perspective

Protection from infectious disease has been a quest since the beginning of human history. A major advancement in this endeavor was the development of vaccines. Although we do not have vaccines for every infectious microorganism, today there are vaccines for 30 diseases. Vaccines don’t always prevent infection and transmission altogether, but they do work to prevent or ameliorate/mitigate disease by reducing complications and symptoms through the generation of memory and protective antibody-producing B cells and T cells. Laboratory serology testing, which measures concentrations of antibodies specific to particular microorganisms, is a useful and important tool for determining exposure and, for a handful of vaccine-preventable diseases, for assessing immunization status associated with immunity. For some common vaccine-preventable diseases with high global impact—such as hepatitis B, measles, mumps, and rubella—determining vaccine status is sometimes necessary for a variety of reasons. Determining vaccine status is useful for women considering pregnancies, healthcare workers, and vulnerable populations (i.e., very young individuals and patients with cancer) at risk of severe complications from natural infections. Awareness of the limitations of serology testing, coupled with appropriate test result interpretation for assessing vaccine status associated with immunity, is vital to patient care. Most importantly, although laboratory evidence of immunization status is key to optimal patient management, it is only one criterion in the decision to vaccinate or not to vaccinate.

Lecture Presenter

Patricia R. Slev, PhD, D(ABCC) Professor (Clinical) Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah Medical Director, Microbial Immunology, Serologic Hepatitis & Retrovirus ARUP Laboratories

Dr. Patricia R. Slev is a medical director of Immunology at ARUP Laboratories and a professor (clinical) at the Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah. Dr. Slev received her doctorate degree in immunology and laboratory medicine from the University of Florida. She then completed a clinical chemistry fellowship at the University of Utah. Dr. Slev is board certified. She is the recipient of several awards, first place for Fellow Research Presentation, and the Paul E. Strandjord Young Investigator award. Her research interests focus on immunogenetics of human infectious diseases, including HIV and viral hepatitis.

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Objectives

After this presentation, participants will be able to:

• Recognize the relationship between antibodies, vaccines and immunity
• Describe the limitations of assessing vaccination status for vaccine-preventable diseases
• Discuss when and how to use laboratory results to inform and guide patient management

Sponsored by:

Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Department of Pathology,
and ARUP Laboratories