Video Lectures

This discussion reviews the current state of digital pathology in hematology/hematopathology practice. Given both the successful incorporation of digital technologies in the past and the complexity of implementing digital hematopathology in the present, we focus on practical aspects of digitalization based on our institution's experience. Describe the major differences between digitalization in hematopathology and surgical pathology Review the major benefits and pitfalls of digital transition Discuss major products for digital hematology/hematopathology currently available in the U.S. market Recognize the complexity of digital implementation

This presentation provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emphasis will be placed on the role of CSF and blood-based biomarkers, including their incorporation into the Alzheimer’s Association's 2024 diagnostic framework. It concludes with a discussion of clinical performance characteristics for a plasma pTau 217 assay recently implemented in the clinical laboratory. Describe the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease Discuss the role of CSF and blood-based biomarkers in detecting amyloid pathology in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease Recognize the importance of determining assay performance metrics when evaluating fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and implementing them in the clinical laboratory

The need to restrict sample volume and frequency is obvious in children but less so in adults. Iatrogenic anemia is common in both populations. A major contributor is dead volume required by robotic sample processing. This session explores alternative collection techniques and sample types that preserve blood volume but do not compromise delivery of clinical information. The use of dried blood spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling, and the use of interstitial fluid will be addressed, among other novel methods. Emphasis will be placed on both short-term adaptations and the longer-term need for market-driven innovation to preserve blood volume. List current deficiencies in sample collection and analysis that require excessive blood volume Identify novel approaches to preserving blood volume without compromising clinical care Describe necessary practice improvements that demand new market-driven processing and analytic solutions

The presentation discusses the current the state of the science regarding plasma transfusions as it relates to blood health. Review the risks of transfusion, the pillars of PBM, and introduce the concept of blood health Discuss the current state of science regarding plasma, in general, in specific clinical patient subsets, and associated outcomes Review the most recent guidelines from the Society for Interventional Radiology regarding prophylactic transfusion of plasma

Protection from infectious disease has been a quest since the beginning of human history. A major advancement in this endeavor was the development of vaccines. Although we do not have vaccines for every infectious microorganism, today there are vaccines for 30 diseases. Vaccines don’t always prevent infection and transmission altogether, but they do work to prevent or ameliorate/mitigate disease by reducing complications and symptoms through the generation of memory and protective antibody-producing B cells and T cells. Laboratory serology testing, which measures concentrations of antibodies specific to particular microorganisms, is a useful and important tool for determining exposure and, for a handful of vaccine-preventable diseases, for assessing immunization status associated with immunity. For some common vaccine-preventable diseases with high global impact—such as hepatitis B, measles, mumps, and rubella—determining vaccine status is sometimes necessary for a variety of reasons. Determining vaccine status is useful for women considering pregnancies, healthcare workers, and vulnerable populations (i.e., very young individuals and patients with cancer) at risk of severe complications from natural infections. Awareness of the limitations of serology testing, coupled with appropriate test result interpretation for assessing vaccine status associated with immunity, is vital to patient care. Most importantly, although laboratory evidence of immunization status is key to optimal patient management, it is only one criterion in the decision to vaccinate or not to vaccinate. Recognize the relationship between antibodies, vaccines and immunity Describe the limitations of assessing vaccination status for vaccine-preventable diseases Discuss when and how to use laboratory results to inform and guide patient management

This presentation will provide an overview of genomic assays currently used in clinical laboratories to detect large genomic abnormalities associated with human disease. The discussion will encompass karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray analysis, copy number profiling from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, optical genome mapping (OGM), and fusion detection from transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Experience from the Center for Personalized Medicine at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) will be highlighted to illustrate practical applications of these technologies. The presentation will compare the advantages and limitations of each assay and outline the key principles guiding the selection of the optimal testing approach for different clinical scenarios and laboratory settings. Describe the important role of large genomic abnormalities (copy number variants and balanced structural rearrangements) in pathogenesis of constitutional genetic disorders and pediatric cancers Discuss advantages, limitations and clinical applications of different assays for detection of large genomic abnormalities including karyotyping, FISH, chromosomal microarray analysis, copy number profiling from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, optical genome mapping (OGM), and fusion detection from transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) Review principles guiding selection of optimal assays for different clinical indications and laboratory settings

Effective management of major bleeding—such as that encountered in severe trauma, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and postpartum hemorrhage—requires timely identification and correction of coagulopathy through appropriate coagulation monitoring. In these high-risk settings, goal-directed therapy informed by either standard laboratory assays (e.g., PT/INR, aPTT, platelet count, and fibrinogen levels) or viscoelastic point-of-care testing (e.g., TEG or ROTEM) enables individualized and efficient hemostatic management. Viscoelastic testing provides real-time insights into clot formation, strength, and fibrinolysis, supporting targeted administration of blood products and factor concentrates, including prothrombin complex and fibrinogen concentrates. This approach helps reduce transfusions, supports hemostatic stability, and can improve patient outcomes. This presentation will review key principles of coagulation monitoring, compare standard and viscoelastic testing modalities, and discuss their incorporation into bleeding management algorithms across a range of clinical scenarios. Review the different current viscoelastic test used clinically Examine specific tests and how they can be used in clinical algorithms and bleeding management

The goal of diagnostic stewardship in laboratory medicine is to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient treatment. This presentation will highlight the role of the clinical microbiologist in diagnostic stewardship by highlighting examples of successful interventions and the methods employed. Identify the core principles and goals of diagnostic stewardship Explain how the clinical microbiology laboratory contributes to diagnostic stewardship Develop practical strategies for implementing diagnostic stewardship in the clinical microbiology lab

This presentation will review the new MASLD/MASH nomenclature, describe the magnitude of the problem in the United States, and provide an overview of current treatment strategies. We will discuss the key diagnostic features of MASLD/MASH and emphasize the importance of checking for other potential contributing factors to the patient’s liver disease. We will describe the importance of MASLD/MASH as a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Define MASLD and differentiate simple steatosis from MASH Describe the magnitude of the problem in the United States Formulate a diagnostic approach to liver biopsies from patients with suspected MASLD, including checking for other contributing etiologies Select the best treatment strategy for patients with MASLD depending on the severity of the disease

As laboratory medicine moves toward greater integration of AI-driven tools, we must recognize the tendency of these algorithms to produce biased outputs, potentially exacerbating existing healthcare disparities. The field of algorithmic fairness provides a rigorous framework for defining fairness, identifying bias mechanisms, and engineering strategies to mitigate inequities in AI models. However, these lessons are not just relevant to the future of AI-based laboratory diagnostics—they also apply to our current laboratory practices, where bias arising throughout the total laboratory testing process can lead to inequitable patient outcomes. By drawing on insights from algorithmic fairness, laboratory medicine can proactively address inequities in both present-day workflows and future AI-driven decision-making, ensuring more just and effective patient care. Define metrics of algorithmic fairness Describe the different ways that AI models incorporate bias Discuss applying the framework of algorithmic bias to ensure fairness as a quality domain in current laboratory practice

This session will provide an overview of the current epidemiology of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in the United States. We will discuss common causes of GUD including genital herpes, syphilis and chancroid. We will discuss the differential diagnosis of GUD and review the laboratory methods used in diagnosing these infections and the challenges associated. Review the background and clinical features of genital ulcer disease (GUD) Define and differentiate pathogens that cause genital ulcer disease Review the laboratory methods, challenges, and recent advances in diagnosing these infections

This presentation provides examples of current and developing applications of mass spectrometry to medicine. Topics include market trends, design and implementation of mass spectrometry-based laboratory testing designed to support clinical care and monitoring as well as a glimpse at fully automated and point of care mass spectrometry solutions currently in development. In addition, challenges unique to mass spectrometric methods will be discussed. The overall goal of the presentation is to increase awareness of the current and likely future involvement of mass spectrometry in the routine care of patients.Originally presented at the Rocky Mountain Section ADLM Spring Seminar during April 2025. Discuss adoption of mass spectrometry in clinical laboratories today Explain why automation in mass spectrometric testing workflows is desirable Describe three mass spectrometric approaches that are likely to inform and improve future medical decisions

This presentation provides a description/overview of diagnostic entities comprising the T-cell lymphomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Describe biologic diversity of GI lymphoid populations and the challenges that engenders Describe diagnostic entities in the category of GI T-cell lymphomas

This video lecture will review patient blood management (PBM) and its evolution to “blood health.”Originally presented at the University of Utah Department of Pathology Patient Blood Management Master Class during May 2025. Summarize the evolution of Patient Blood Management (PBM) with emphasis on the pillars of PBM and the concept of blood health Identify the published global definition of PBM and the WHO policy urging the need for PBM Review the current state of the science regarding restrictive transfusion practice as part of PBM Illustrate the necessity of a multi-professional multi-disciplinary approach to delivering and maintaining blood health as a standard of care

This presentation focuses on the role of molecular tests in the diagnostic workup of anemias in pediatric practice. The panel discussion will highlight the importance of collaboration between the clinical and laboratory teams investigating causes of anemia, both common and rare, as well as benefits and potential drawbacks of novel diagnostic modalities. Formulate a differential diagnosis and recognize age-specific clinical and laboratory clues that guide the initial evaluation of anemia in pediatric populations Identify uncommon causes of anemia, including hereditary hemolytic anemias and hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes Select appropriate clinically available screening and confirmatory tests, including their indication and common pitfalls Understand the clinical utility of molecular testing and correctly interpret molecular results in the clinical context

This presentation will cover the epidemiology of viral hepatitis while discussing the current testing recommendations. A case-based approach will be used to review uncommon presentations, findings, and causes of viral hepatitis. And finally, the role of laboratory testing for hepatitis Delta will be reviewed. Discuss epidemiology and current recommendations for viral hepatitis testing Discuss uncommon presentations, findings and causes of viral hepatitis Describe the role for laboratory testing for hepatitis Delta

Polyps, both common and unusual, throughout the gastrointestinal tract are discussed, including the importance of the appearance of the surrounding stomach when interpreting gastric polyps. Several nonhereditary conditions that result in polyps are noted. Discuss some unusual aspects of colorectal adenomas Describe the difference between traditional serrated and sessile serrated adenomas Discuss several nonhereditary polyposes

Transfusions play an essential role in the treatment provided to hematology and oncology patients. Guidelines for transfusing hospitalized hematology and oncology patients are similar to those for other patient populations; however, these patients often receive repeat transfusions and are therefore at risk for transfusion-related complications (e.g., alloimmunization, refractoriness, and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions). This presentation addresses red blood cell, platelet, and granulocyte transfusions for these patients. Additionally, it discusses investigations seeking correlations of blood donor and blood component preparation technologies with patient outcomes.Originally presented at the University of Utah Department of Pathology Patient Blood Management Master Class during May 2025. Discuss red blood cell transfusions in relation to hematology and oncology patients, including sickle cell disease Define the current state of the science, professional recommendations, and guidelines related to platelet transfusions within this patient population Review efficacy of granulocyte transfusion in hematology and oncology patients Review adjuvant therapies with accompanying scenarios

Primary liver carcinomas (PLCs), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), are the most common categories of adult primary liver neoplasm with major clinical and surgical implications; however, their diagnosis is fraught with potential pitfalls for the surgical pathologist. This presentation examines the general morphologic features of HCC and iCCA as well as uses and limitations of ancillary stains used to support their diagnosis. A basic approach and discussion of diagnostic challenges is also presented for the common scenario of adenocarcinoma in a liver mass biopsy, as well as for particularly challenging cases of poorly differentiated primary liver carcinomas (PD-PLCs). The potential role for genomic analysis in the categorization of PD-PLCs is discussed, along with insights gained from next generation sequencing of both PD-PLCs and their equally confounding counterpart, combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas. Describe the general morphologic features and uses/limitations of ancillary stains used to identify HCC Describe the general morphologic features and uses/limitations of ancillary stains used to identify iCCA Acknowledge the role of immunohistochemistry and albumin in situ hybridization (ISH) in the workup of adenocarcinoma in a liver biopsy Observe the challenges in differentiating HCC and iCCA in PD-PLC cases, and the potential role of genomic analysis in evaluating these tumors

In the past three years, rapid advancement has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We will review updated AD diagnostic criteria with a biomarker framework in mind and with special focus on fluid biomarkers, including phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau 217), an AD blood-based biomarker. Using clinical cases as a guide, we will help you understand the role of pTau 217 in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Explain recent changes in AD diagnostic criteria Describe the role of fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD Summarize the sequence of biomarker changes across the disease course in AD Select patients appropriate for pTau 217 testing

Myositis antibody testing continues to grow both in the number of patients tested and the number of laboratories offering this testing. However significant variability exists in the diagnostic performance of these assays. This lecture will provide an overview of methods used and highlight the current challenges as well as some promising recent developments. Describe the importance of autoantibody profiling and panels of autoantibodies in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) Discuss the need for robust methodologies for detecting myositis-specific antibodies (MSA)

Lipids and lipoproteins are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). After a brief overview of CVD, this session will discuss the role of triglycerides and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the context of CVD. Additionally, an overview of lipid testing recommendations and laboratory methodologies for measurement of lipids and lipoproteins will be provided. Explain the roles of lipids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins in atherosclerosis and CVD development List and describe the three major pathways of lipoprotein metabolism Discuss methods for measurement of routine lipid tests

Gallbladder carcinoma is rare, but cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. In this talk I will discuss how to effectively and efficiently evaluate cholecystectomy specimens to maximize detection of gallbladder carcinoma. List the clinical scenarios that are associated with an increased risk of gallbladder carcinoma Identify noncancerous lesions in the gallbladder that may justify submitting additional histologic sections Describe the main types of polypoid lesions in the gallbladder and how to gross them

Well-differentiated hepatocellular lesions arising in the setting of noncirrhotic livers can pose a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists. This lecture will cover the five major subtypes of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), including: inflammatory, HNF1α-inactivated, β-catenin-activated, sonic hedgehog, and unclassified. This lecture will also cover the clinical significance of each subtype and the recommended clinical management. Finally, this lecture will review the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular adenomas and key points for reaching a pathologic diagnosis. Recognize and diagnose the most common hepatocellular adenoma subtypes Compare the clinical significance and management for each hepatocellular adenoma subtype Identify the differential diagnosis for well-differentiated hepatocellular lesions in noncirrhotic livers

This presentation offers an overview of the pathogenesis of allergy and highlights the role of serology testing for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergies. We cover component-resolved diagnostics and its importance in diagnosing and managing common food allergies, particularly focusing on testing for peanut, tree nuts, eggs, milk, and sesame allergies. Furthermore, we delve into alpha-gal syndrome and present an up-to-date literature review, including our laboratory experience in alpha-gal testing. Explain the concept of component-resolved diagnostics and its role in food allergy diagnoses Discuss commonly ordered allergen component panels including alpha-gal, peanut, tree nuts and others Describe the pathophysiology of alpha-gal syndrome and the importance of serology testing

A recent FDA boxed warning update on capecitabine (XELODA) and an aligned NCCN Colon Cancer guideline revision now recommends or requires pre treatment DPYD genetic testing to mitigate life threatening fluoropyrimidine toxicity. These changes leave oncologists asking: Which DPYD test should I order? How do I interpret activity scores? What if no fluoropyrimidine free regimen exists?This presentation summarizes the new labeling and NCCN recommendations, reviews DPYD biology and variant frequencies, and provides a step by step framework for integrating testing into practice. It walks through fluoropyrimidine dosing guidelines, shows how to select a high quality DPYD assay (CLIA/CAP accreditation, variant coverage, turnaround), and uses realistic cases (normal, intermediate, and poor metabolizers) to illustrate when to dose reduce, avoid fluoropyrimidines or switch to alternative regimens. There is also guidance on recognizing early severe toxicity and using uridine triacetate.The target audience for this presentation is medical oncologists, oncology pharmacists and other clinicians prescribing fluoropyrimidines. By focusing on current regulatory and guideline changes, it equips clinicians to meet new compliance obligations and improve patient safety while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Recognize who is at highest risk for life-threatening fluoropyrimidine toxicity due to DPD deficiency Choose an appropriate DPYD test (variant coverage + lab quality) Translate genotype to phenotype/activity score to starting dose using CPIC Implement a clinic workflow (including “treatment is urgent” scenarios)

The presentation addresses diagnostic challenges encountered in fine needle core biopsies of pancreatic mass lesions through a case-based approach. There will be a review of key histologic features essential for distinguishing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from benign conditions, particularly chronic pancreatitis, using both morphological and immunohistochemical techniques. The presentation explores the diagnostic differential between neuroendocrine neoplasms, acinar cell carcinomas, and solid pseudopapillary lesions in the context of mixed pancreatic tumors, highlighting a few potential immunohistochemical pitfalls. Additionally, the presentation covers rare diagnoses that may not typically be considered in the setting of pancreatic mass lesions, as well as the uncommon occurrence of metastatic lesions to the pancreas. Distinguish pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from benign pancreas on core needle biopsies Describe how to approach possible mixed pancreatic neoplasms Discuss diagnostic possibilities beyond the conventional spectrum of pancreatic masses Identify which malignancies are more likely to metastasize to the pancreas

The focus of this presentation is on the implementation of digital microscopy and AI in the clinical parasitology laboratory. After a brief review on the morphologic identification of intestinal parasites the potential benefits of adopting AI for screening stool specimens processed for parasitology will be discussed. Potential workflow changes labs may encounter, such as changes to specimen preparation, reorganization of workforce members, and how to handle quality control, competency, and proficiency will be reviewed. Lastly, a couple case examples of image analysis with a discussion of our lab’s workflow and how we handle discrepant analysis will be provided. Review the morphologic identification of intestinal parasites Describe potential workflow changes when adopting AI for parasitology Discuss proficiency, competency, and quality control as it pertains to AI

Cytology is commonly used as the diagnostic material for pancreatic neoplasms and cysts. In this lecture, cytomorphologic patterns will guide case-based learning through the most common pancreatic diagnoses. We will discuss how to make the most out of small cytologic samples with the addition of molecular and biochemical testing. This will be a good review of basic concepts in pancreatic cytology making it appropriate for general pathologists and cytologists alike. Recognize distinctive cytomorphologic patterns and the differential diagnosis Review criteria for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in the pancreas Describe the utility of ancillary testing in solid and cystic pancreatic lesions Identify the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in pancreatic lesions

The GI tract is the most common site of extranodal lymphomas. Dr. Bellizzi believes that surgical pathologists often have a better “sense” of normal/reactive GI-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) than some hematopathologists and a couple of important GI lymphomas arise in association with Helicobacter gastritis (i.e., extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) and celiac disease (enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma). This lecture will present the DUMB (destructive, unusual, monotonous, big) approach to recognition of possible lymphomas and a morphologic pattern-driven IHC approach to arrive at specific diagnoses. A number of specific diseases will be discussed, including gastric MALT lymphoma, enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma and precursors, large B-cell lymphoma (which is usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), mast cell disease, duodenal-type follicular lymphoma, and EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer. Apply a DUMB approach to recognizing GI lymphomas Apply a morphologic pattern-driven, panel-based IHC approach to GI lymphoma diagnosis Apply critical, treatment-informing ancillary diagnostics in gastric MALT lymphoma (i.e., Helicobacter IHC and MALT1 FISH) Recognize the value and limitations of IHC phenotyping, TCR gene rearrangement studies, and flow cytometry in the diagnosis of refractory celiac disease type II (aka enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in situ) Combine morphology, cell-of-origin (Hans classifier) and prognostic IHC (Bcl-2, c-Myc), and FISH studies (MYC/BCL2/BCL6) to distinguish diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, double- and triple-hit lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma

This presentation will provide an overview of key molecular biomarkers that play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of colon, gastric, and esophageal cancers. It will explore the latest advancements in biomarker discovery, highlighting their clinical utility. Attendees will gain insights into the molecular pathways driving these cancers and the implications of biomarkers such as microsatellite instability, HER2, and PD-L1 in guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes. Identify key molecular biomarkers associated with colon, gastric, and esophageal cancers and their clinical significance Explain the role of molecular biomarkers in the prognosis and therapeutic management of gastrointestinal cancers Discuss the latest advancements in biomarker driven targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches for colon, gastric and esophageal cancer Illustrate the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of colon, gastric, and esophageal cancers and their implications for biomarker development

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common genetic enzyme disorders worldwide, with significant implications for pediatric patients. Establishing age-appropriate reference intervals for accurate diagnosis in children is challenging due to the difficulty of obtaining samples from healthy pediatric populations.This presentation will explore how ARUP Laboratories has leveraged indirect statistical modeling and integrated molecular data to establish robust, age-specific reference intervals for pediatric G6PD testing. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional direct studies, enabling earlier and more precise identification of at-risk children. The clinical importance of G6PD, the principles of indirect reference interval development, and the impact of combining phenotype and genotype data to improve laboratory diagnostics will be discussed. Describe the clinical significance of G6PD deficiency in pediatric populations List the challenges in establishing pediatric reference intervals for G6PD Detail the principles and advantages of indirect statistical modeling for reference interval development

The continued decline in the number of pathologists despite increasing demands, highlights the value proposition for digital pathology. This presentation describes the challenges, benefits, and future opportunities in development, validation, and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic pathology and provides recommendations to pathologists for responsible use of AI. Define what AI readiness means in diagnostic pathology Demonstrate how AI algorithms help pathologists Demonstrate applications of AI specific to GI pathology

Food and nutrition have been recognized as an important component of health and well-being for millennia, but over the past 100 years, western countries have seen an industrialization and homogenization of diet that is now laden with highly processed, calorie-dense foods rich in refined sugar, salt, white flour, processed meats, dairy, food additives, and refined oils, but being low in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant-derived antioxidants. A recent study reported that ultra-processed foods now make up 58% of calories consumed by U.S. adults and children older than 1 year, resulting in a high risk of adverse health outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, mental health disorders, and mortality. In fact, poor diet is the number one risk factor for premature death, mostly from cardiovascular disease, but also linked to chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. In dermatology, diet has been linked to conditions like acne, and metabolic disease has been linked to psoriasis and acne severity. This lecture will discuss the industrialization of food production and the relationship between diet and some common diseases encountered in dermatology. Discuss the industrialization of food production in the U.S. Recognize the relationship between some common inflammatory skin diseases and diet List available nutrition education resources

Lead exposure, even in small amounts, is known to have negative health impacts particularly in small children. Despite this, lead continues to be a significant public health challenge. This presentation will review common sources and health impacts associated with lead exposure. The role of blood lead testing, including CDC guidelines and laboratory methodology will also be covered. Describe possible sources of lead exposure Discuss the health risks of lead exposure Review the CDC guidelines for monitoring blood lead levels Discuss analytical methods for testing blood lead levels

Although neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are encountered at virtually every anatomic site, the GI tract is the most common site of involvement. These tumors are common enough to be routinely encountered, but uncommon enough for most general pathologists to feel they haven’t achieved diagnostic mastery. This lack of comfort is further attributable to frequently shifting classification schemes and an ever-expanding list of applicable immunohistochemical markers. This lecture will focus on the most frequent diagnostic errors, challenges, and questions that are encountered in a neuroendocrine-heavy practice. Updates from the 2022 WHO Endocrine/Neuroendocrine Tumor Blue Book and the contemporary WHO classification of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs (contrasting it with the lung classification) will be presented. A brief discussion of the application of Ki-67 to NEN grading and GEP-neuroendocrine tumor (NET) site-specific diagnostic and reporting considerations will follow. Diagnostic algorithms for NET site of origin, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) site of origin, and the distinction of NET G3 from NEC will be shared. A presentation of the essential elements of a NEN pathology report concludes the video. Apply the WHO 2019 GI “Blue Book” neuroendocrine classification to GEP-NENs Compare and contrast the GEP-NEN and WHO 2021 lung NEN classifications Cite GEP-NEN-relevant updates in the WHO 2022 Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumor “Blue Book” Describe clinically meaningful updates in the etiologic classification of gastric NETs, especially the emerging recognition of PPI-associated tumors Analyze NET site-specific frequent clinical/diagnostic conundrums Apply a panel of immunostains to determine NET and NEC site of origin Apply a panel of immunostains to adjudicate the differential diagnosis of NET G3 vs. NEC Apply an outcomes-centric approach Ki-67 IHC-based grading

Interpretation of diagnostic biopsies for evaluation of Hirschsprung disease may be challenging, especially if infrequently encountered by an adult surgical pathology group. This presentation describes an approach to evaluation of both diagnostic biopsies, frozen sections, and resection specimens, how to interpret ancillary studies, and best approach to clinical-histologic discrepancies. This presentation will also briefly describe rare differential diagnostic considerations. Explain how neural crest cells, the enteric nervous system, and the RET gene factor in the development of Hirschsprung disease Describe the classic clinical symptoms of Hirschsprung disease, the different presenting age groups, and common associated syndromes Define biopsy adequacy and describe histologic findings in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease Illustrate the role of frozen section diagnosis during resection of diseased bowel Describe the best approach for evaluation of possible transition pull-through in post-operative symptomatic patients

We are developing nondestructive, slide-free 3D pathology methods for clinical decision support and surgical guidance. In comparison to conventional slide-based pathology, 3D pathology provides: (1) vastly greater sampling of tissue specimens, including whole biopsies and surgical margins; (2) volumetric imaging of cell distributions and 3D tissue structures that are prognostic and predictive; and (3) a nondestructive and reversible workflow that preserves valuable specimens for downstream molecular assays. Due to the immense size of feature-rich 3D pathology datasets, new challenges exist in terms of data management, human visualization, and computer-aided interpretation. We have been working on a full stack of technologies to facilitate the clinical adoption of 3D pathology, from sample preparation (e.g., reversible optical clearing and fluorescence labeling), high-throughput imaging with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopes developed in our lab, to data processing and artificial intelligence (AI)-based image triage and analysis. For AI analyses, we are developing both traditional machine classifiers based on intuitive “handcrafted” 3D features, and deep-learning classifiers based on subvisual 3D features. Our nondestructive, large-volume digital pathology methods are synergistic with the growing fields of radiomics and genomics, which collectively have the potential to improve treatment decisions for diverse patient populations. State the advantages of 3D pathology over standard 2D histology Identify clinical use cases in which 3D pathology could add value Describe various approaches for AI-assisted analysis of 3D pathology datasets

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by diverse genetic mutations such as NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and fusion transcripts, which serve as key markers for measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD). Molecular methods such as next generation sequencing (NGS), alongside flow cytometry, enable sensitive detection of residual disease and provide insights into clonal and phenotypic evolution. MRD status is a strong prognostic indicator, guiding treatment decisions and predicting relapse risk. Emerging technologies continue to increase MRD detection sensitivity, and MRD is recognized as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials and integrated into routine clinical practice. Explain molecular and flow cytometric MRD markers in AML Discuss MRD methods and flow cytometric panels Describe clinical significance of AML MRD testing Review future developments in AML MRD testing

Peroxisomal plasmalogen synthesis is defective in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) and Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs). Plasmalogens are traditionally detected in packed red blood cells (RBCs) by GC-MS. However, this method cannot distinguish individual plasmalogen species. Additionally, it is a lengthy and complex assay. We have developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify the most abundant ethanolamine plasmalogens to aid in diagnosing RCDP and ZSDs. This presentation will describe the challenges in developing and validating plasmalogen testing by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, we will review our data from controls, known patients, and RCDP1 mouse models demonstrating the clinical utility of the LC-MS/MS method in diagnosing and monitoring inborn errors of plasmalogen synthesis. Review plasmalogen structure and function Define inborn errors of plasmalogen biosynthesis Describe the key features of plasmalogen clinical testing Explore the challenges in developing and validating testing to diagnose plasmalogen deficiency by LC-MS/MS Demonstrate clinical utility of the LC-MS/MS method in diagnosing peroxisome biogenesis disorders

This presentation is a case-based talk focused on the cytologic diagnosis of both common and uncommon lesions encountered during the Fall of 2024 on the University of Utah FNA service. We will review how our FNA service operates, and cases will be presented with a special emphasis on cytologic-histologic correlation. Describe the structure and workload of an FNA service Recognize key cytologic findings of various lesions encountered during rapid on-site assessment Identify histologic correlation to the cytologic features from these lesions

This presentation will explore the critical role of fibrinogen in hemostasis and the importance of its early replacement in bleeding patients. Participants will learn the recommended clinical thresholds that trigger fibrinogen replacement, based on current guidelines and evidence. The session will review and compare the four main options available for fibrinogen repletion—plasma, cryoprecipitate, INTERCEPT® Fibrinogen Complex, and fibrinogen concentrate—highlighting their composition, dosing, and clinical utility. Finally, the presentation will examine recent clinical trial data supporting the use of fibrinogen concentrate, with a focus on its efficacy, safety, and potential advantages over traditional plasma-derived therapies.Originally presented at the University of Utah Department of Pathology Patient Blood Management Master Class during May 2025. Explain the rationale for early fibrinogen replacement in bleeding patients Identify the recommended fibrinogen thresholds that guide replacement decisions across various clinical settings Compare and contrast the four primary therapeutic options for fibrinogen replacement, including their indications and formulations Summarize key findings from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of fibrinogen concentrate

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an indispensable complement to a morphology- and epidemiology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis. This lecture will focus principally on an immunohistochemical approach to the tumor of uncertain lineage, with a nod to the important allied carcinoma of unknown primary differential. There will be a brief review of a few technical aspects of IHC, which lead to imperfect interchangeability of IHC assays between laboratories. The focus will be on the use of screening marker IHC, site of anatomic presentation, and morphologic pattern to assign broad tumor class (i.e., “the big 4 plus 3 more”). Several specific instances will be discussed in which markers assumed to be specific for one broad tumor class are expressed by other classes. An initial screening panel for the small round blue cell tumor differential will be presented, followed by additional diagnostic considerations/useful markers if the initial panel is noninformative, and a discussion of the utility of S-100 vs. SOX10, including both pearls and critical pitfalls. The concept of dedifferentiation will be introduced, which, though most well-known in sarcoma, is applicable to all classes of tumor. Dr. Bellizzi will share his “wallhanger” for diagnoses to consider in the setting of a broad-spectrum epithelial marker, S-100 and/or SOX10, CD45 and/or CD43 (i.e., “triple-negative”) malignant neoplasm. A brief discussion of the carcinoma of unknown type/primary differential diagnosis, including several anatomic site-specific algorithmic approaches, will conclude the lecture. Describe technical aspects of IHC that contribute to lack of interchangeability of assays between laboratories Apply a limited panel of screening markers, in the context of site of presentation and morphology, to suggest the broad tumor class Recognize specific instances in which broad-spectrum epithelial markers are expressed by noncarcinoma, melanoma markers are expressed by nonmelanoma, and hematolymphoid markers are expressed by nonhematolymphoid neoplasms Apply a panel-based approach to the small round blue cell tumor differential Compare and contrast the utility of S-100 and SOX10 Recognize the breadth of dedifferentiated malignant neoplasms and use history and IHC to support the diagnosis Apply a morphology and panel-based IHC approach to carcinoma typing Apply a site-specific, panel-based IHC approach to suggest carcinoma site of origin

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful diagnostic tool that can be used in a number of clinical scenarios. During this presentation the benefits and limitations of whole genome sequencing will be discussed along with several case examples that illustrate how this tool can be applied clinically. Describe how massively parallel sequencing differs from traditional sequencing methods Explain the difference between rapid whole genome sequencing and standard whole genome sequencing Identify how whole genome sequencing is used clinically in suspected genetic disease diagnosis Recognize the benefits and limitations of whole genome sequencing

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical laboratories continue to face new, challenging outbreaks. In this lecture we will explore some recently emerging (influenza A(H5) and mpox) and reemerging (measles and pertussis) pathogens that may be encountered in the clinical laboratory. Special emphasis will be placed on how these outbreaks originated and how lab testing contributes in helping control the spread. A practical discussion will focus on challenges in assay validation for newly emerging or reemerging pathogens and what steps your laboratory can take to be prepared for the next outbreak. List the environmental and societal causes that have led to the emergence and reemergence of infectious agents Describe challenges encountered by laboratories that develop assays or perform testing for emerging and reemerging pathogens Explore how clinical, commercial, and public health laboratories can work in unison to improve patient access to infectious disease testing

This presentation covers several mesenchymal lesions with a focus on the anatomic site and the layer within the gastrointestinal tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, serosa) that specific lesions are likely to arise. Mucosal nerve sheath tumors are addressed in some details as well as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory fibroid polyp, fibromatosis, and a few comments on gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Discuss the layers of the GI tract in which GI mesenchymal tumors tend to arise Discuss several types of GI mesenchymal tumors, with emphasis on their location and depth in the GI tract Discuss some “exotic” lesions that may be encountered

This lecture will provide an overview of selected clinical immunology laboratory developed tests that can be used to assist clinicians in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of patients with inborn errors of immunity. Describe how clinical immunology laboratory functional tests can be used to interrogate genetic variants of uncertain significance in genes related to inborn errors of immunity Describe how clinical immunology laboratory biomarkers can be used to monitor disease flares and therapeutic responses in patients with inborn errors of immunity

The role of flow cytometry in laboratory diagnostics continues to expand as the need for high through put cell analysis methods increases. The aim of this presentation is to provide a brief overview of the principles and panel design approaches germane to clinical flow cytometry. Additionally, clinical applications of various flow cytometric assays are explored. Review the principles of flow cytometry and examine approaches for successful assay design Discuss various applications of flow cytometry for clinical use Evaluate and apply clinical cytometry techniques to address clinical questions

Dermatophytes are fungi that are adapted to colonize and degrade keratin, leading to infection of the skin, nails and hair. Dermatophytes comprise species belonging to the Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Nannizzia genera, among others, with Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale currently recognized as the most common globally. Over the past decade there has been an increase in reporting of terbinafine resistant dermatophytes, including T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, and now the emergence and global expansion of a newly designated species, Trichophyton indotineae, which is associated with severe recalcitrant infections. In addition, one genotype of T. mentagrophytes (genotype VII) is emerging with transmission predominantly via sexual activity. In this presentation, I will discuss the current state of diagnostics, epidemiology, resistance and treatment. Discuss the utility of currently available laboratory methods for the identification of emerging dermatophytes Discuss the predominant cause of the global expansion of Trichophyton indotineae Describe common antifungal resistance patterns associated with T. indotineae and mechanisms of resistance Discuss the management of patients with emerging dermatophyte infections

In this lecture, Dr. Yuan Ji focuses on pretreatment DPYD/DPD testing, one of the most extensively discussed or debated topics in clinical pharmacogenomics (PGx) implementation and oncology practice in recent years. Centered with real patient stories and the devastating fluoropyrimidines (FPs) toxicity-related mortality rate, Dr. Ji explains the basics of clinical pharmacology of FPs, in relation to the severe, sometimes life-threatening treatment-related toxicities in genetically predisposed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient patients and the importance of performing pretreatment DPYD/DPD testing in all FPs-treated patients.Additionally, Dr. Ji also reviews the history of the FDA's labeling updates for FPs, available dosing guidelines, and resources for clinical implementation of DPYD genotype-guided dosing practice of FP treatment and shares her insights on the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) PGx Working Group recommendation on DPYD genotyping alleles that aims to address the heterogeneity among clinical DPYD genotyping tests and to promote testing standardization across clinical laboratories. Lack of carefully designed and comprehensive DPYD testing with short turnaround time has been one of the several concerns of oncologists, impeding the clinical adoption of pretreatment DPYD/DPD testing for all cancer patients who hope to be cured rather than to be harmed by the toxicities of their chemotherapy medications. Review FPs, DPD, and DPD deficiency Describe the association of DPYD variants with FP-related toxicities Clarify updates on professional guidelines and clinical practices Review heterogeneity among clinical pharmacogenomic genotyping tests and introduce the AMP PGx Working Group recommendation on DPYD genotyping alleles Discuss additional considerations of implementing clinical DPYD/DPD testing

There is considerable morphologic overlap among the spindle cell lesions of the breast, with metaplastic carcinoma being the principal entity to distinguish from its mimics. An algorithmic approach beginning with the clinical presentation and imaging features, along with an appreciation of subtle morphologic clues to the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma, in all its varieties, can enhance diagnostic acumen. Discussion will include the most appropriate immunohistochemical panels for each differential diagnostic consideration. Evaluate diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon spindle cell lesions of the breast in both core needle biopsy specimens and surgical excision specimens Discuss the uses and limitations of immunohistochemistry in resolving diagnostic problems in spindle cell lesions of the breast Recognize the histopathologic mimics of metaplastic carcinomas

This lecture reviews the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis specifically aimed at hematologists and pathologists. Topics discussed will include classification systems for mastocytosis, subtypes of systemic mastocytosis, the association of systemic mastocytosis with myeloid neoplasms, immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis, and the challenges of diagnosis that a hematologist and pathologist may encounter. Describe the pathogenesis of systemic mastocytosis List the diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis Define the three subtypes of advanced systemic mastocytosis

This lecture reviews the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis specifically aimed at allergists and immunologists. Topics discussed will include classification systems for mastocytosis, subtypes of systemic mastocytosis, the immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis, hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, and the challenges of diagnosis encountered in nonadvanced systemic mastocytosis. Describe the pathogenesis of systemic mastocytosis Understand how hereditary alpha-tryptasemia influences the basal serum tryptase level and the impacts on the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis Define the three subtypes of non-advanced systemic mastocytosis

Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide and its incidence is projected to continue rising at an alarming rate. It is a chronic condition of hyperglycemia that overtime leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems, including the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, and nerves if poorly controlled. Therefore, testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes is critical so treatment can be initiated and adjusted before extensive damage occurs. This presentation will describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with an emphasis on analytical methods used in diagnostic testing. Describe and differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes Identify the criteria required for diagnosis of diabetes and the analytical methods used in the clinical laboratory for diagnostic testing Discuss blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, and medications used in managing diabetes

Precursor lesions from the esophagus to the anus are discussed with demonstration of esophageal epidermoid metaplasia, columnar esophageal and gastric precursors, some inflammatory bowel-associated precursor lesions, and a novel anal precursor lesion. Discuss squamous dysplasia of the esophagus Consider esophageal columnar dysplasia and gastric dysplasia Describe how to avoid the small bowel as much as possible since everything is colonization by metastatic malignant neoplasms List issues in colitis-associated dysplasia

Once upon a time, medicine was in the hands of your family physician and local hospital. Today, healthcare is largely provided through large corporations. This presentation will describe society’s expectations for healthcare corporations, based on medical ethics, and the role of laboratory and other professionals. Describe the foundational principles of medical ethics Describe recent trends in corporate responsibility List ways to reinforce accountability between healthcare organizations and their patients and communities

Drug resistant CMV and HSV infections are associated with significant morbidly and primarily affect immunocompromised patients. Recent advances in the clinical laboratory include the use of next generation sequencing platforms for the detection of antiviral drug resistance mutations. This talk reviews the current methods for antiviral resistance detection in Herpes viruses and appraises the benefits and limitations of each. Describe current methods for antiviral resistance testing in the clinical laboratory with a focus on CMV and HSV Appraise the benefits and limitations of available tests Discuss potential impact of next generation sequencing-based approaches

In the dynamic field of infectious disease pathology, pathologists play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of emerging and reemerging infections. This interactive lecture describes the histopathologic features of several emerging and reemerging infections that involve the liver and describes how to synthesize clinical and laboratory data to narrow the differential diagnosis of active hepatitis and select appropriate ancillary tests. Two of the case presentations will also help pathologists expand the differential diagnosis of hepatic granulomata, while one of the cases will provide key updates on an emerging infection that may be underdiagnosed in the United States. Recognize patterns of inflammation in the liver that aid in the diagnosis of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases Synthesize clinical and laboratory data to narrow the differential diagnosis and help determine the etiology of hepatitis Utilize and interpret special and immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of liver infections in tissue sections

Platelet transfusion is a common intervention that has benefits and harms. It is intended to raise platelet counts in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction and therefore prevent or treat bleeding. New international platelet transfusion guidelines are now published in JAMA, with eleven recommendations in various clinical settings in favor of restrictive platelet transfusion strategies. Herein, the evidence, recommendations, and rationale are described. Examine risk/benefits of platelet transfusions Describe the new international platelet transfusion guideline development process and methodology Discuss new guideline recommendations compared to the prior guidelines

This presentation will discuss the clinical applications of fecal calprotectin as a noninvasive marker for intestinal inflammation. It will also discuss the extraction methods and available fecal calprotectin assays, finishing with tips on how to verify an FDA-approved fecal calprotectin assay for deployment in a clinical lab. Explain the clinical utility of fecal calprotectin Discuss extraction methods and available fecal calprotectin assays Create an assay validation plan for laboratory testing of fecal calprotectin using an FDA-approved assay

Dr. Matkowskyj will review the role and repertoire of current biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers including actionable mutations and alterations. She will provide real world examples of current biomarkers and their impact on clinical outcomes. Dr. Matkowskyj will share her personal experience with a recently approved companion diagnostic biomarker and conclude her talk with emerging biomarkers in the gastric cancer space. Review several existing biomarkers within the GI cancer space Discuss a novel biomarker for a recently approved companion diagnostic Review findings on emerging biomarkers in gastric carcinoma

This lecture discusses the clinical presentation of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and the assays used to support their diagnosis. Testing methodology and potential interferences are presented in the context of clinical case scenarios. Contrast SPEP/IFE test methods and their combined use in generating an interpretation Identify the clinical context when SPEP/IFE testing is indicated and what follow-up testing may be needed Discuss potential test interferences caused by treatment of myeloma Review treatment and management following diagnosis in clinical cases

The well-known renal tumor types include clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and oncocytoma. However, recent advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques have recognized an expanding number of potential entities. For some of these, the significance of “lumping” vs. “splitting” is uncertain. For example, entities now proposed as low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) and eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) have recognizable morphologies, immunohistochemistry, and genetics, but clinical management like oncocytoma/chromophobe RCC is probably reasonable for most patients. At the same time, other diagnoses may have implications for hereditary syndromes, like SDH and FH-deficient RCC, and still other tumors may be particularly aggressive, like TFEB/6p21 amplified RCC. This presentation will address the emerging entities in renal tumor pathology, with emphasis on clinical implications. Communicate the significance of emerging renal tumor types Apply immunohistochemical markers to diagnose emerging entities in renal tumor pathology

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has an important role in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions, in differentiating benign from neoplastic lesions, in situ from invasive carcinomas, as well as helping pathologists separate carcinomas that require different clinical management. IHC may also help distinguish metastatic tumors from breast primary. Due to the high prevalence of breast cancer, a metastasis from primary breast cancer is frequently considered in a differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas in female patients, even for those without a history of breast cancer. IHC is invaluable in differential diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma from other malignancies. Identify breast IHC markers for distinguishing breast and other common malignancies and be familiar with the sensitivity and specificity of these markers Identify IHC markers to correctly separate lobular from ductal carcinomas, especially in situ lesions Recognize indications for use of cytokeratins in identifying metastatic carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes Discuss the use and pitfalls of IHC markers in identifying benign from neoplastic lesions in the breast

Coagulation laboratories provide basic and more specialized diagnostic testing for acquired bleeding disorders, playing a crucial role in patient diagnosis and management. This testing is complex and requires expert clinical correlation for accurate interpretation. Overall, multidisciplinary collaboration leads to improved patient care. This presentation will use a case-based format to highlight important clinical and laboratory principles and provide a forum for multidisciplinary group discussion for diagnostic best practices in acquired bleeding disorders. Discuss how to use and interpret basic coagulation testing in patients presenting with an acquired bleeding disorder Explain key diagnostic laboratory patterns in acquired bleeding disorders Discuss common questions posed to hemostasis experts regarding diagnosis of acquired bleeding disorders

Repeat elements comprise approximately 60% of the genome, which is derepressed in the setting of cancer. Repeat RNAs have shown viral-like properties including being sensed by pattern recognition receptors, which are part of our innate immune response to viruses. These repeat elements can replicate and mobilize in the genome through retrotransposition, which can be inhibited with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that are used as antiviral drugs. Finally, these repeat RNAs are packaged in extracellular vesicles and delivered to the surrounding tumor microenvironment, leading to an inflammatory response similar to a viral infection. Discuss the role of repeat elements in cancer progression Utilize spatial transcriptomics in human tissues

Squamous metaplasia is allegedly a very rare finding in breast tissue that has been previously reported in association with ducts, sclerosing lesions, fibrocystic changes, fibroepithelial lesions, papilloma(s), and cysts. Notably, it is not uncommon to see squamous metaplasia of lobules and ducts at the site of prior biopsy or resections. Although squamous metaplasia is clinically irrelevant, care should be taken to rule out a malignant process, which can also show squamous cells. The differential diagnosis would include low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and metastases. List the differential diagnosis for breast biopsy showing carcinoma with squamous differentiation Discuss the differential diagnosis for benign appearing cysts with a squamous lining Review clinical scenarios in which it is more likely to encounter squamous metaplasia Describe diagnostic criteria of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma

Zoonotic diseases represent an ongoing risk to humans, especially with increased interactions between animals, vectors, and humans. Though human behavior can sometimes be modified to avoid zoonoses, often the exposure and interface with nature cannot be avoided. This interactive narrative case series explores the variety of zoonotic diseases that can be encountered in North America and discusses appropriate diagnostic testing strategies and tips/tricks to predicting these zoonoses. Describe the impact of various animal hosts-to-human diseases Apply the appropriate testing methods to optimal detection of zoonotic diseases

This presentation will provide an overview of the current advancements in dementia biomarker research, with a focus on their role in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Cutting-edge techniques, including plasma and CSF biomarker development, extracellular vesicle analysis, and the clinical translation of these biomarkers into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies will be highlighted. Describe the role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dementia-related neurodegenerative diseases Identify key biomarkers, including TDP-43, amyloid-beta, tau, and neurofilament light chain, and their clinical applications Review the latest advancements in plasma and CSF biomarker technologies and their potential in early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring Evaluate the challenges and opportunities in translating biomarker research into clinical practice Discuss the implications of biomarker development for future therapeutic strategies and personalized medicine in dementia care

Vaginitis is the common complaint of women of reproductive age. This lecture is designed to provide a broad overview and brief update on common testing modalities and diagnosis of the three most common causes of vaginitis. This lecture will cover, in brief, the clinical presentation, point-of-care testing, and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, candida vaginitis, and trichomoniasis. Codetection of agents of vaginitis and other sexually transmitted infections will be addressed. Describe the common causes of vaginitis Discuss laboratory methods to diagnose vaginitis Discuss coinfection of vaginitis and sexually transmitted infections

This presentation will explore the role of AI in select cases of parasitology along with future applications of AI moving forward. Discuss the theory of AI and how models are trained Recognize the role of AI in stool parasite detection for trichrome stains Describe the future applications of AI in parasitology

This presentation will cover a challenging case that involved multiple disciplines within the department of pathology, anatomic pathology section. After initial case presentation, considerations to be taken during rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for spindle cell lesions are discussed followed by a review of diagnostic entities that mirror the clinical picture of the index patient. The talk concludes with final work-up and diagnosis of the initially presented patient. Apply differential diagnosis based on morphology in conjunction with clinical work-up Review of diagnostic considerations: immunohistochemical and/or molecular work-up Discuss rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of spindle cell lesions

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are becoming commonplace in research literature but realizing their potential for clinical and operational improvements requires real-world implementation. Safe and effective AI use in the clinical laboratory requires extensive validation efforts, robust implementation strategies, and comprehensive monitoring infrastructures. In this presentation, we will provide a high-level overview of the key considerations for each of these steps. Geared towards the laboratorian, we hope to provide participants with the fundamental background they would need to engage in discussions with technical staff when advancing AI solutions within their laboratories. Define key roles and responsibilities in the machine learning life cycle Explore techniques for validating, deploying, and monitoring models Reinforce these concepts within a relevant, lab-based example

This lecture will cover a broad spectrum of interesting breast pathology including both benign and malignant entities from ten real cases encountered at the University of Utah Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories. The focus is loosely on spindled lesions of the breast, infectious lesions of the breast, and other cases with interesting or surprising results resulting from pathologic examination. Topics covered include cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis, pseudo angiomatous stromal hyperplasia, mammary myofibroblastoma, and demodex folliculitis, among others. The goal is a broad overview of lesions that a general pathologist may encounter in day-to-day practice with suggestions about work-up, comments, or clinical significance discussed. Review a case-based selection of spindle cell breast lesions while acknowledging the importance and limitations of IHC in this endeavor Review a case-based selection of clinically relevant infectious findings in breast biopsies Review some interesting and unexpected findings of (mostly) “interesting” cases in breast pathology and correlate these findings with anatomic distribution of breast tissue

Breast biomarker testing has been a routine and standardized part of pathology practice for many decades. With the advent of precision medicine and the introduction of more companion diagnostic assays to guide patient management, pathology laboratories have had to optimize and validate new assays with increasing frequency, often with assay indications evolving during the process. Pathologists, now more than ever, are essential to the patient management team and need to be able to speak to the role of breast biomarker testing as it pertains to treatment decision-making. Review the current ASCO/CAP biomarker guidelines Describe the expected biomarker expression patterns for histologic types and grades of breast cancer Discuss the evolving landscape of interpretation of HER2 assays Recognize the indications and importance of multigene assays in breast cancer treatment decision making

This presentation reviews the clinical decision-making process from the perspective of an oncologic genitourinary urologist in terms of the indications and considerations for small renal mass biopsy (RMB). The discussion incorporates a variety of evidence-based prebiopsy factors including imaging size, molecular factors, statistics, and comorbid clinical conditions that weigh on the decision of whether to perform RMB, monitor, or proceed directly to surgical excision. Finally, gaps, challenges, and limitations of RMB are explored, with a focus on future and developing biomarkers that may play a more valuable/helpful role in the future. Review surgical decision making around RMB Discuss the utilization of RMB-based molecular biomarkers in renal cancer Identify clinical and research gaps for RMB and molecular biomarkers in renal cancer

This presentation will provide you with the knowledge to approach molecular testing of endometrial cancers with confidence. Focusing on the TCGA molecular classifications of endometrial cancers and the benefits and challenges that have resulted from that study. Practical knowledge and shortcomings about the testing modalities used to classify tumors will be covered. We will also touch on some of the major clinical trials and treatment options for specific tumor types. Discuss the reasoning and rationale for developing a molecular-based classification of endometrial cancers Select correct testing and order of testing for clinical situations Describe the testing considerations for each molecular classification Discuss the recurrent genetic alterations for the molecular classifications

Intraoperative evaluation of gynecologic specimens by frozen section evaluation remains one of the most challenging areas of surgical pathology. The most common types of gynecologic specimens evaluated are uterine tumors (specifically, endometrioid type endometrial carcinomas) and ovarian masses. In the context of endometrial carcinoma, lymph node status is the most prognostically important piece of information that the pathologist needs to provide the surgeon, and many factors will influence whether or not the surgeon will perform a complete lymphadenectomy. In many cases, dissection of endometrial sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) will be the course of action the surgeon pursues. In cases where SNL dissection is not performed, the pathologist needs to be able to evaluate an endometrial tumor via frozen section and know what questions need to be answered to help guide the surgeon’s management. In the context of ovarian masses, the pathologist is often providing the primary diagnosis via frozen section evaluation; thus, the pathologist needs to come to the intraoperative evaluation well-armed with a knowledge of clinical history and imaging findings, as well as a knowledge of what gross and microscopic features favor a primary ovarian neoplastic process versus metastasis (specifically when evaluating mucinous neoplasms). Discuss what information pathologists are expected to provide the surgeon during the intraoperative evaluation of uteri for endometrial carcinoma Describe the how and why an evaluation of the endometrial sentinel lymph node is performed and implemented in staging of endometrial carcinomas Review the gross and microscopic findings pathologists need to be familiar with in order to make an intraoperative distinction between primary and metastatic mucinous neoplasms involving the ovary

This presentation will explain the main areas laboratory field sales representatives must maintain to provide continued focus when working to maximize their sales productivity. It details the elements of credibility, your laboratory's value position, and how to build effective customer relationships. Describe important subpoints of defining credibility Discuss the value of positioning Recognize the intricacies of customer relationships

This presentation will cover syphilis, myeloid sarcoma and liposarcoma mimickers that might be misdiagnosed in diagnostic hematopathology. Clinical cases with abundant hematoxylin and eosin pictures, accompanied by pertinent immunohistochemical stains will be discussed. Each case will provide clinicopathologic findings, differential diagnosis, and appropriate ancillary testing. Describe the clinical presentation of syphilis and discuss the hallmarks of histologic presentation of syphilis, the use of treponemal testing in the diagnosis of syphilis, and the differential diagnosis of syphilitic lymphadenitis Describe the clinical presentation of myeloid sarcoma and discuss the hallmarks of histologic presentation of myeloid sarcoma, the use of immunohistochemical and molecular testing in the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, and the differential diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma Describe the clinical presentation of liposarcoma and discuss the histology of inflammatory and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, the use of immunohistochemistry and FISH testing in the diagnosis of liposarcoma, and the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma

The clinical laboratory generates an enormous amount of data that can be used to improve laboratory efficiency, maintain high-quality testing, and support clinical and operational decisions. In this webinar, we will review the fundamental architecture and data elements common in clinical laboratory testing. Then, using specific examples, we will see how those concepts can be applied to create and analyze reports and dashboards that support clinical and operational decision-making. We will also discuss the importance of data wrangling and some of the potential pitfalls that come with clinical laboratory data. Provide examples of common clinical laboratory data elements that can create pitfalls in data analysis Identify methods for collecting and analyzing data Discuss the importance of data wrangling

Application of data analytics to archived laboratory data with the intention of improving patient care and laboratory efficiency is an area of interest that continues to grow among laboratory professionals. The process of applying indirect methods for reference interval (RI) estimation and verification is an example of how laboratorians can use archived data to improve test interpretation and patient care. The aim of this presentation is to describe the principles of indirect RI methods and to provide practical and applicable examples where one can use these analytical tools to characterize RIs for analytes with varied distributions and partitions. Summarize the establishment and use of reference intervals in clinical laboratory practice Discuss the application of direct and indirect methods to determine population/sex/age-based reference intervals Describe how different estimation methods can overcome analyte specific challenges including skewed, partial, or overlapping distributions

Neoadjuvant treated breast cancer specimens are among the most technically challenging breast specimens to evaluate. The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides crucial prognostic information and guides additional treatment planning. Therefore, accurate pathologic evaluation of these specimens is critical for patient management. This lecture will review how to approach these specimens, including how to perform a careful and systematic gross examination, how to evaluate patterns of residual disease, and how to navigate the different systems for reporting residual disease (RCB and AJCC). Discuss the clinical advantages for using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in certain breast cancer cases Describe the relative rates of pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the different receptor subtypes of breast cancer Apply appropriate sampling technique for neoadjuvant-treated breast cancer cases Explain the different reporting systems for neoadjuvant-treated breast cancer cases and know how to apply them to individual cases

In this lecture, a simplified approach to the classification and diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is presented, one endorsed by the World Health Organization classification of tumors for almost 10 years and refined thanks to recent studies exploring the role of immunohistochemistry. The distinction between hyperplasia and carcinoma, as well as the differential diagnosis of low-grade endometrial carcinoma, is discussed. The session will end with an overview of the changes seen in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma due to exogenous hormonal therapy, and practical ways to report cases in this clinical context. Review the current classification of endometrial hyperplasia, definitions of each category and the most relevant differential diagnoses Appraise the advantages and limitations of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia Identify the spectrum of epithelial metaplasia in the endometrium and the instances in which metaplasia is a confounder in the recognition of endometrial neoplasia Develop a consistent approach to the differential diagnosis of low-grade endometrial carcinoma and to the reporting of endometrioid neoplasia treated with exogenous progestin

This case-based slide presentation will cover pathologic features of selected types of endometrial carcinoma recognized as either emerging in the latest classification systems, or rare and therefore difficult to recognize. Observe the salient histologic and immunohistochemical features of several types of endometrial carcinoma other than conventional types (endometrioid, serous, clear cell) Identify the most clinically important differential diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma Develop a language to convey instances of diagnostic uncertainty (in terms of histologic type)

Clinical laboratory hematology and hemostasis/thrombosis testing are closely related. This webinar will review selected interesting clinical cases from ARUP Laboratories with consideration of both morphologic findings on peripheral blood smears and abnormal hemostasis/thrombosis testing results. We will explore how the results from each of these laboratory sections work together to reach a final diagnosis. List diseases that may require both morphology assessment and hemostasis tests for diagnosis Discuss how hematology and hemostasis tests can be interpreted together for comprehensive diagnosis of bleeding and clotting disorders Identify key peripheral blood morphologic features that may suggest an underlying disorder of hemostasis

The Joint Commission and the American Medical Association (AMA) identified blood transfusions as one of the five most overused interventions in healthcare, and at a 2012 National Summit on Overuse, issued a call to reduce blood transfusions. The variability in the use in cardiovascular surgery, for example, illustrates an inappropriate use of blood components in coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs). Accordingly, patient blood management (PBM) programs developed initiatives to optimize erythropoiesis, minimize blood loss, and manage anemias in the surgical setting: preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. A general therapeutic principle in PBM is to avoid empiric thresholds for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion; and to administer transfusion on a unit-by-unit basis, according to patient symptoms. Choosing Wisely campaigns by medical societies as well as guidelines/recommendations for RBC transfusions have resulted in substantial reductions in RBC utilization, not only at individual medical centers, but also at the national and international levels. PBM has demonstrated that with improved patient safety (reduced exposure to transfusions), health care costs are also reduced. PBM now represents best practices and the standard of care. Identify available alternatives to blood transfusions in patient health care Discuss how clinical decision support can improve blood product utilization Review patient outcome metrics that are impacted by blood product utilization Recognize that PBM now represents best practices

This presentation will cover pediatric follicular lymphoma, HGBCL with 11q aberration and HGBCL with MYC, BCL2, BCL6 rearrangements and TdT expression. Clinical cases will include abundant hematoxylin and eosin pictures, accompanied by pertinent immunohistochemical stains. Each case discusses clinicopathologic findings, differential diagnosis and appropriate ancillary testing. Discuss histologic hallmarks of pediatric follicular lymphoma and determine differential diagnosis of pediatric follicular lymphoma Discuss use of immunohistochemical and ancillary testing in the diagnosis of HGBCL with 11q aberration along with differential diagnosis of HGBCL with 11q aberration Describe the clinical presentation, histology, immunophenotype by flow cytometry/immunohistochemistry, and FISH with the differential diagnosis of HGBCL with MYC, BCL2, BCL6

This lecture will cover a broad spectrum of interesting breast pathology including both benign and malignant entities from ten real cases encountered at the University of Utah Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories. The focus is loosely on spindled lesions of the breast, infectious lesions of the breast, and other cases with interesting or surprising results resulting from pathologic examination. Topics covered include cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis, pseudo angiomatous stromal hyperplasia, mammary myofibroblastoma, and demodex folliculitis, among others. The goal is a broad overview of lesions that a general pathologist may encounter in day-to-day practice with suggestions about work-up, comments, or clinical significance discussed. Review a case-based selection of spindle cell breast lesions while acknowledging the importance and limitations of IHC in this endeavor Review a case-based selection of clinically relevant infectious findings in breast biopsies Review some interesting and unexpected findings of (mostly) “interesting” cases in breast pathology and correlate these findings with anatomic distribution of breast tissue

In the era of precision therapy, and with the increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, accurate diagnosis and classification of breast tumors on core needle biopsy is ever more critical at the malignant end of the spectrum. Similarly, with the emphasis on de-escalation of therapy, and the move toward fewer surgical excisions for benign, high-risk lesions, the opportunity for a “second-look” to confirm diagnostic impression on core needle biopsy has been removed. The consequences of diagnostic error, it could be argued, carry the potential for more significant morbidity in contemporary practice. Describe how best to differentiate common and uncommonly encountered diagnostic challenges in breast tumor pathology Discuss how to anticipate and avoid diagnostic pitfalls Review morphologic clues and ancillary testing strategies that can support diagnostic interpretation, and prevent errors Recognize that risks are much greater for core needle biopsies

Rapidly expanding demand for neural autoantibody testing has come with increased recognition that these antibodies may be associated with immunotherapy-responsive forms of psychiatric disease, dementia, epilepsy, and others. However, the rapid growth of this field as well as the rarity of these disorders has resulted in significant confusion among patient-facing physicians about how to order and interpret these diagnostic tests. In this video lecture, Dr. Smith discusses many of the common challenges with neural autoantibody test utilization, interpretation, and application in clinical care. Clarifying these challenges highlights important opportunities for laboratory professionals to improve the value of this diagnostic testing for patients. Recognize common pitfalls when neural autoantibody testing is ordered Compare testing methods and explain how these impact the interpretation of laboratory results Identify opportunities to improve neural autoantibody test utilization in your own laboratory

For many years, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has played an essential role in diagnostic pathology. Advancements in our understanding of many diseases and increasing availability of targeted therapy have given the IHC technology a boost to evolve. This presentation is based on a series of diagnostically challenging cases referred to our hematopathology team by surgical pathologists. The diagnostic workup for these cases highlights newer applications of widely available IHC stains and also introduces recently developed markers. Demonstrate the utility of “traditional SurgPath” IHC markers in hematopathology practice Discuss best practices in interpretating and reporting of some IHC stains Review newer IHC stains in hematopathology Construct diagnostic workup of morphologically challenging hematopathology cases

What do you picture in your head when you hear the term "diagnosis" or "diagnostic testing”? Most people imagine a test revealing, for the first time, the answer to a confusing set of symptoms. But diagnosis is better thought of not as a one-time event, but as an iterative, continuous process by which information is gathered and incorporated into medical decisions. In other words, it's less about individual test results and more about how we process and integrate those results. This becomes even more critical as we enter the artificial intelligence (AI) era, where software algorithms play a growing role in diagnosis. This presentation will take a critical look at the relationship between medical science and diagnostic testing, and how we can preserve that linkage in the setting of complex diagnostic algorithms. Describe the role of diagnostic testing in modern medicine Describe how disease definitions evolve based on advances in both scientific understanding and testing technology Explain how diagnostic heuristics and algorithms can mislead and cause patient harm Describe some of the risks in relying on AI in medical diagnosis

This presentation will provide a general overview of common plasma cell dyscrasias and their clinical presentations. It will also provide an explanation of various diagnostic methodologies for detecting, characterizing, and monitoring monoclonal gammopathies. In addition, results interpretation and the clinical significance of laboratory findings will be addressed. Differentiate common diseases associated with monoclonal gammopathy based on clinical and diagnostic findings Describe the principles of monoclonal gammopathy detection and characterization and the utility of testing to the clinician Interpret results and evaluate their clinical significance in monoclonal gammopathy

Premalignant clonal hematopoiesis refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions, including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). CCUS is defined by expansion of a population of hematopoietic cells derived from a single clone, as demonstrated by the detection of myeloid neoplasm-associated somatic mutation or cytogenetic aberration (i.e., clonal hematopoiesis) in association with sustained cytopenia otherwise clinically unexplained and absence of dysplasia. CHIP is a closely related entity defined by the presence of clonal hematopoiesis in the absence of cytopenia. In both conditions, diagnostic criteria of myelodysplastic or other hematologic neoplasm are unmet. The natural history and risk of progression from clonal hematopoiesis to overt malignancy is augmented by mutational dynamics. Substantial data links CHIP to increased all-cause mortality primarily attributable to cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and venous thrombosis. The principal feature underlying these nonhematologic disease associations is a proinflammatory state. Clinical management of patients with clonal hematopoiesis is an area of active investigation. Summarize the molecular genetic basis of premalignant clonal hematopoiesis Apply data-driven diagnostic concepts to distinguish patients with bona fide hematologic malignancy from individuals with clonal hematopoiesis Describe the range of clinical implications associated with these precursor conditions and discuss emerging approaches to management

Three challenging cases in hematopathology where integration of all clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and ancillary molecular or cytogenetic testing is needed to reach the best diagnosis will be presented. Discuss an approach to discrepant IHC and FISH findings Review potential causes of unexpected clonality results Recognize the potential for germline findings in blood and bone marrow samples

While in most instances prostate pathology is fairly straightforward, there are several instances of challenging cases. The reporting practices of prostate carcinoma has also undergone several changes in the recent years with certain histopathological features being relevant from the clinical management of patients. In this presentation, some common, interesting, and rare cases encountered in prostate pathology will be discussed. The presentation will provide information on differential diagnosis, ancillary tests that are useful in making the diagnosis and the clinical relevance of the cases. Discuss rare and interesting cases in prostate pathology Review diagnostic criteria for the cases Discuss differential diagnosis and clinical relevance for the cases

The advent of digital pathology and whole slide imaging (WSI) solutions has continued to gain momentum in laboratory medicine. As the scope and needs of pathology practices and institutions they support vary significantly, selection of digital solutions for pathology practice requires institutional collaboration of executive, physician, information technology, and laboratory operations leadership. Discuss the need for evaluation/definition of current and future state Identify key personnel for collaboration and informed decision making Define key “tools” for evaluation and purchasing of digital pathology technology

HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer survival has improved significantly with many novel directed therapies under investigation. HER2-low expression can respond to directed therapy; however, more accurate testing is still needed. Review the evolution of HER2-directed therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer Review the definition, distribution of HER2-low breast cancer Review the clinical significance of HER2-low expression among breast cancer Review the challenges of HER2 testing

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) moves from being a curiosity to a necessity, it is clear that the benefit obtained from using AI models to prioritize care interventions is an interplay of the model’s performance, the capacity to intervene, and the benefit/harm profile of the intervention. We will begin the conversation reviewing the necessary data strategy to enable organization wide AI adoption and leading into a discussion of the core intuition behind foundation models. After a brief review of the kinds of use-cases that AI can serve across multiple medical specialties, we will discuss Stanford Healthcare’s efforts to shape the adoption of health AI tools to be useful, reliable, and fair so that they lead to cost-effective solutions that meet health care's needs. The conversation will draw on examples from multiple specialities including pathology, cardiology, internal medicine, surgery, psychiatry and oncology. Describe the importance of the interplay of a model's output, the intervention policy, and work capacity in making AI useful Summarize the need of a data strategy to underpin AI adoption Describe the different kinds of roles models can play in healthcare

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematologic disorder with varying patient presentation. The pathophysiology is attributed to a mutation in the PIGA gene, causing deficiency in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on blood cells, increasing susceptibility to complement-mediated destruction. Diagnosis involves thorough clinical evaluation and laboratory testing including flow cytometry. Treatment options are varied, evolving, and dependent on disease severity. Patient response to therapy and disease monitoring requires regular lab assessments. Explain the background of PNH, including history, epidemiology, and pathophysiology Describe patient presentation, evaluation, and laboratory testing involved in diagnosing PNH Discuss the classifications, treatment options, outcomes, and monitoring of PNH

This presentation will distinguish the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Explain how fecal calprotectin or fecal lactoferrin can be used to differentiate IBS and IBD along with ways to monitor inflammatory disease course. In addition, we will explore the testing used to screen and diagnose colorectal cancer. Distinguish irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Explain how fecal calprotectin or fecal lactoferrin can be used to help differentiate IBD from IBS and to monitor inflammatory disease course Describe the tests used to screen for, and diagnose, colorectal cancer

Burnout is a significant problem in healthcare, including among pathologists and the laboratory workforce. There are many resources available on the topic, video lectures included, but this presentation is particularly relevant to pathology and laboratory medicine. The primary focus is on well-being while also discussing the flip side, burnout, but whichever side of the coin you look at, ultimately, wellness is the goal. Define burnout and recognize the differences between burnout and stress Identify the causes of burnout Identify unique aspects in pathology Discuss resilience and wellness

Thyroid carcinomas encompass a diverse group of malignancies with varying patient presentations, often featuring thyroid nodules. Diagnostic workup involves thyroid lab tests, imaging studies, and fine-needle aspiration. Treatment depends on carcinoma type, commonly involving surgical excision, radioactive iodine, or other modalities. Prognosis is generally favorable with high survival, necessitating long-term surveillance. Lab tests are crucial for monitoring treatment and possible disease recurrence. Thyroglobulin interpretation faces interferences; therefore, testing methods and optimal laboratory utilization are vital. Explain the presentation, workup, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid carcinomas Describe the laboratory tests used to monitor thyroid cancer treatment, recurrence, and the impact of certain autoantibodies on these assays Compare and contrast thyroid cancer testing strategies and their implications for healthcare resources

Through the use of clinical cases the presenter will describe weird and extraordinary microorganisms (so-called “Weirdobacters” or “Extraordinaribacters”) that are not often encountered in the clinical microbiology laboratory, and as such they can be overlooked despite their clinical importance. Their clinical presentation, key microbiologic characteristics, and treatment will be discussed. Ultimately, the presenter hopes attendees will be even more enthused about all things clinical microbiology at the completion of the talk. Describe the clinical significance and presentation of microorganisms not commonly encountered or recognized in the clinical microbiology laboratory List these not commonly encountered or recognized microorganisms' diagnostic features Discuss the treatment for these not commonly encountered or recognized microorganisms

This lecture reviews the epidemiology as well as the pathophysiological progression of HIV infection. It further explores the evolution of clinical assays for HIV diagnosis, tracing their development from the early stages of the HIV epidemic to current testing approaches and diagnostic algorithms. Light is also shed on testing and diagnosis of HIV infection in special populations such as neonates. The lecture concludes by examining HIV therapy and management strategies, encompassing aspects such as pre- and postexposure prophylaxis. Recognize the difference between HIV and AIDS Describe the pathophysiology of HIV infection and disease progression Discuss screening and diagnostic tests for HIV

Hiring top-level lab salespeople and coaching them in the field is a demanding assignment—and far different than managing laboratory technical staff. This presentation reviews a number of important components a sales manager should consider when interviewing and managing their sales representatives to be prepared, professional, and productive. Identify the three P's that drive a sales representative’s success Recognize the value of using caution when hiring a sales representative Describe how to build unity and community between sales representatives and your laboratory staff Discuss where to find free learning resources Recognize the difference between managing and coaching Identify what a manger should look for during a sales call

The parasites that infect humans are broad and diverse. Though many teaching and review content focuses on the common gastrointestinal parasites, this presentation will focus instead on the other body sites in the human that can be infected by parasites. Common diagnostic tests and recommended methods of detection are reviewed in addition to clinical syndromes associated with different stages of these diseases. Describe parasite diversity/taxonomy Recognize clinically relevant parasites found in humans and how to test for them Discuss the impact and role of parasites in human health

Blood parasites represent a global burden of disease, particularly due to malaria being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Blood parasites are critical to detect and treat and require different techniques for not only lab testing but also specimen collection. The most common blood parasites are reviewed in this presentation with a strong focus on best practice for microscopy as well as adjunct methods of diagnosis for unique clinical presentations. Discuss the role of lab testing in blood parasite diagnostics Recognize the major genera of blood parasites Describe the clinical associations and syndromes of major blood parasites

The year 2020 will go down as one of the most difficult, trying, and socially polarizing years in modern history because of the global pandemic of COVID-19. Nearly every facet of life on earth faced disruptive and dynamic challenges that pushed operational processes to the brink of collapse in different ways. Laboratory medicine is no exception to this disruption and learned a great deal from these experiences. Though COVID-19 was exceptional, should the laboratory community, especially the clinical microbiology lab, have been more nimble and able to respond to such an emerging challenge? Were 2016 Zika, 2014 Ebola, 2012 MERS CoV, and 2009 nH1N1 not enough of a practice schedule for the big game? In 2022, human monkeypox virus further exposed the fact that clinical laboratories, including public health and federal agencies, had made improvements but were still unable to adequately respond. The clinical lab is at a turning point of being reactive versus proactive. This presentation will focus on strategies and approaches to consider for making your laboratory proactive to respond to the next emerging pathogen or reemerging infectious disease. Review the recent history of emerging/reemerging pathogens and challenges faced by laboratories Describe the challenges of resolving differences in federal regulatory processes for test development compared to traditional clinical laboratory processes for assay development Identify key stakeholders and important communication strategies for improved response and workflows for responding to emerging and/or reemerging pathogens

This lecture is designed to provide a broad overview and a brief update on testing and diagnosis of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It will cover the current CDC 2021 screening, testing, and treatment recommendations for common STI pathogens namely, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. The lecture will compare the benefits and limitations of the different testing modalities for the common STI pathogens. Emergence of drug resistance for specific STI pathogens will be discussed. Lastly, an overview of molecular diagnostics and their advantages will be presented. Recognize the importance of screening and testing for common STIs Discuss the clinical presentation and organisms associated with STIs Describe the testing methodologies for common STIs

Urine drug testing is commonly used for investigation of unknown ingestions and compliance monitoring. This presentation discusses the rationale for using urine as a specimen type, the common analytical techniques used for testing, and important considerations for interpretation of results. Describe the benefits and limitations of urine as a specimen type Discuss the screen and confirm approach to urine drug screening Review the classes of drugs commonly tested

Dr. George will discuss the evolution of hematopathology diagnosis with microscopic analysis (blood, bone marrow, and solid tissue) providing the initial framework of hematopathology. Subtypes were further defined initially based on phenotypic attributes, which were assessed by immunohistochemistry and subsequently by flow cytometry. The field gradually moved away from a pure cell of origin classification to a more integrated approach, and molecular subtypes were described. This revolutionized the field through better prognostication and personalized therapy, as novel therapeutics began to be considered in lieu of or in combination with standard chemotherapy. The advent of high-throughput sequencing/next generation sequencing (NGS) led to major advances with the discovery of mutations. NGS was quickly integrated into the clinical testing environment and is now routinely used in the world of myeloid neoplasms; several institutions also offer NGS for lymphomas. This webinar will also cover current and future uses of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in the world of hematopathology. Finally, Dr. George will conclude with a brief assessment of the International Consensus Classification and the World Health Organization classifications and discuss practical approaches to a more integrated hematopathology diagnostic process. Describe the two major classification systems for hematolymphoid neoplasms Define the components of an integrated hematopathology diagnostic report Discuss ways digital pathology and artificial intelligence can be used in hematopathology

While this presentation is focused on academia, and pathology in particular, and has a focus on faculty, especially those in leadership positions or aspiring to such, it is also has broader value. In brief, this talk outlines attributes that may be useful for people working within academic health centers, or other complex organizations. Discuss personal experiences and wisdom gained from working in academic health centers Review Simone’s Maxims

This presentation will provide an understanding of the fundamental components of a laboratory quality management plan based on the Plan-Do-Study-Act model. The description and roles of key stake holders in the planning, implementation, maintenance, and improvement stages of total quality management plan is discussed. Lastly, the presentation touches on the implementation of these concepts and reliable tools to monitor elements of the plan, key performance indicators, and improvement initiatives. The principal goal is to provide learners with a framework for improving or establishing and implementing a quality management plan. List the elements of a quality management plan Describe key stake holders of the planning, implementation, maintenance, and improvement stages of total quality management plans Explain ways to monitor elements of the plan, key performance indicators, and improvement initiatives

There has been rapid evolution in genetic testing from simple single gene markers to now a whole “omic” approach fueled largely by rapid technological advancements, followed by the completion of Human Genome Project. This talk will explore some of the advances in genetic/genomic testing and efforts to evaluate evidence and to standardize testing as well as exploring the future of genomic testing. Understand the evolution of genomic testing Differentiate evidence of genes included in genomic panel testing Describe standardization efforts for pharmacogenomic tests

Acute liver injury has a wide variety of causes with a complex laboratory workup involving many different areas in the clinical laboratory including chemistry, immunology, and microbiology, as illustrated in this case presentation of acute Q fever hepatitis. The goal of this lecture is to review basic liver function and laboratory testing for acute liver injury, with an emphasis on testing for autoimmune hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, and Coxiella burnetii. Discuss the interpretation of serologic testing for Epstein-Barr Virus Describe the basic microbiology and transmission of Coxiella burnetii Explain the serologic testing for Q fever and how we differentiate between acute and chronic infections

Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of precision medicine during the last few decades. In this presentation, a historical overview will be presented. Then some basic principles relevant to pharmacogenomics together with a review of the relevant molecular methodologies with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. Finally, some of the implementation challenges will be reviewed, some inherent to pharmacogenomics, while others are relevant to precision medicine initiatives in general. Define pharmacogenetics/genomics (PGx) Discuss pharmacogenes and possible genetic variations Describe what molecular methodologies are used in the field Discuss PGx implementation challenges

The Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics lecture is designed to provide a broad background in the study of human genome structure and function, and how this knowledge is applied to clinical testing. This lecture will cover basic molecular biology concepts as well as genomic alterations that serve as molecular biomarkers in cancer. The foundations of major molecular techniques commonly performed in clinical laboratories, including karyotype testing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays will be presented, and specimen requirements, advantages, and limitations of each technique will be discussed. Describe basic elements of the human genome, and their structure and function List specimen requirements, advantages, and limitations of major molecular diagnostics techniques Select the appropriate technique for various biomarker detection

This presentation describes the classification and structure of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) along with the symptoms, transmission, management, and prevention of infection. Additionally, it compares the indications, benefits, and limitations of the testing modalities used to identify HSV infections. Examine the evolution and classification of Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) Explain the symptoms, transmission, management, and prevention of infection Describe the testing modalities for HSV-1 and HSV-2 along with their indications and limitations

This presentation provides an overview of newborn drug testing, with emphasis on testing meconium and/or umbilical cord tissue, which are neonatal specimens that can be used to detect in utero drug exposures. Guidance for interpretation of results and investigation of unexpected results is discussed as well. Compare and contrast specimen types used to detect drug-exposed newborns List challenges associated with comparing cutoffs for meconium and umbilical cord drug tests Describe how unexpected newborn drug testing results should be investigated

Hereditary breast cancer is characterized by onset at a young age, bilateral breast cancer, multiple primary breast cancers, and a history of first- or second-degree family members with similar diagnoses. Approximately 15–20% of the patients from families with a history of an inherited form of breast cancer are negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Additional, non-BRCA genes have been identified as predisposing for breast cancer. Multigene testing is routine in hereditary cancer syndromes. Next generation sequencing now permits multigene panel testing, which provides clinicians with more information in a single test with improved efficiency and speed and lower cost. Also in this presentation, two diseases related to renal cancer will be discussed: Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Genetic mechanisms, genetic counseling issues, and a testing strategy for retinoblastoma are discussed. Discuss inherited breast and ovarian cancer syndromes, including high-risk and moderate-risk genes and related syndromes Describe renal cancer syndromes, including Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome Explain genetics mechanisms of retinoblastoma Apply test algorithms for several cancer genes based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines

In May 2022, the World Health Organization declared monkeypox virus (MPXV) a “public health emergency of international concern.” Prior to the 2022 global outbreak, monkeypox (MPX) was a relatively unknown viral illness associated with sporadic clusters in endemic countries and occasional travel-associated cases. In response to this emerging pathogen, clinical laboratories quickly responded by developing molecular assays for MPXV detection. However, any clinical assay is not without its limitations, and these must be taken into account to ensure appropriate reporting of results. In this lecture, we will start by exploring the basic virology of MPXV and exactly how it emerged on the global stage. The second half of this presentation is focused on the development and implementation of MPX assays. Focus is placed on studies examining how the testing process, including pre- and postanalytic factors, influence assay performance. The intended audience includes clinical laboratorians, technologists, and anyone with an interest of the role laboratories play in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Describe basic virology and strain differences of monkeypox virus Review the historical origins of monkeypox virus and the 2022 global outbreak Summarize how lab testing processes, including the pre- and postanalytic phases, affect results for monkeypox diagnosis

During this video lecture, you will hear from legal experts regarding the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and the Eliminating Kickbacks in Recovery Act (EKRA) along with recent relevant court cases. Describe the basic intent of, and penalties for violation of, EKRA Identify differences between AKS and EKRA Recognize the basic concepts and key issues in recent court cases involving EKRA

Errors in specimen collection result in inaccurate results. This presentation focuses on identifying specimen collection issues and strategies for preventing them. We will discuss common errors in patient identification, phlebotomy techniques, and specimen labeling. We will also discuss identifying collection issues via pre-analytical processes, training for accuracy in collection, and monitoring improvement. Recognize the most common specimen collection issues Recognize the ways these collection issues impact testing Identify ways to implement processes to improve quality of specimen collection

This presentation covers Lean value and the nine DOWNTIMES wastes of Lean. A variety of laboratory scenarios will be discussed to assist in distinguishing between value-adding and nonvalue-adding activities as well as demonstrating how to identify and measure waste in any process. Distinguish between value-adding and nonvalue-adding activities Recognize and identify the nine Lean wastes within a process Utilize process maps to identify and quantify the waste and value of a process

Long before the pandemic, clinical laboratories were understaffed and tasked with an ever-increasing amount of demands as the industry shifted to a value-based care model. Now faced with the uncertainty of COVID-19 surges demanding more of an already strained system, recruiting and retaining staff has become harder than ever. These staffing challenges are due to a complex mix of burnouts, retirements, career changes, lack of qualified personnel, and other economic factors, but one issue remains clear—the clinical laboratory labor shortage has reached critical levels, and labs need to find better strategies to build and retain a stronger workforce. In this webinar, ARUP’s human resources and recruiting experts will discuss industry trends, successful strategies for recruiting the necessary staff to meet increased workloads, and creative tactics to retain and motivate current staff. Our experts will also answer questions from the webinar registrants to provide additional solutions on recruiting and retention. Identify strategies to recruit the staff necessary to meet the demands of an ever-increasing workload Implement creative tactics to motivate or incentivize current and incoming staff Discuss signs related to decreased motivation among staff Identify proactive strategies to improve morale and decrease burnout

Clinicians make thousands of decisions every day. Deciding how to use and interpret diagnostic tests is just one small part of those myriad decisions. Come learn how to influence those decisions through thoughtful design and understanding of the common biases that influence human choice. Understand the science of decision-making Recognize how understanding decision-making can enable us to purposefully influence medical decision-making, including diagnostic testing

Choosing the right laboratory test for any clinical situation can be difficult. One particularly complex situation is choosing appropriate testing for transgender and nonbinary patients. Gender and sex are words that many use interchangeably, however, understanding their differences is key to creating systems that accurately represent transgender patients. Correct identification and representation of all people and clinical scenarios allows laboratories to provide an accurate result for the right test. Define terms associated with the gender identity of transgender and nonbinary individuals, including sex, gender, the prefixes cis- and trans-, gender incongruence, and gender dysphoria Identify the utility and mechanism of gender-affirming hormone therapies in transgender and nonbinary individuals Evaluate the utility of immunoassay and mass spectrometry methods for both testosterone and estrogen measurements Describe possible solutions to laboratory-specific challenges faced by transgender individuals

Problem solving has traditionally focused on constraining human behaviors to optimize system performance, but inhibiting behavior has the unwanted side effect of inhibiting creativity and innovation as well. In today’s complex and ever-changing environment, stifling creativity and innovation are dangerous strategies. Creative Problem Solving will explore methods for solving problems with creativity while accounting for human limitations and explore reasons that innovation can be challenging. Methods for stimulating new ideas while maintaining order and stability in the laboratory setting will be presented. Cycles of innovation and stabilization will be key to surviving in the current healthcare environment. Discuss the learned skills that enable creative thinking Describe the scientific method for creative problem solving Apply the methods of innovative problem solving to the laboratory environment

This lecture provides a broad overview to minimal residual disease testing by flow cytometry including rare event analysis, clinical and therapeutic implications, pitfalls to avoid, and general approaches taken by major centers for MRD analysis. Recognize the clinical significance of minimal residual disease Discuss the statistical basis for detecting small populations

This lecture covers acute leukemias and myeloid neoplasm, particularly phenotypes that help with lineage assignation as well as phenotypic properties seen in translocation defined AMLs. Of particular interest is knowledge of maturation sequences of myeloid and lymphoid progenitors – a topic that needs to be well understood for both MRD and MDS analysis. Recognize important flow cytometric phenotypes among acute myeloid leukemias Discuss the gating strategies needed for diagnosing monocytic and myelomonocytic neoplasms Describe the normal maturational pathways for maturing myeloid precursors and their potential derangements

This lecture covers B and T cell lymphomas, their phenotypes and properties, and differential diagnoses of key phenotypes. This lecture is not only useful for those entering clinical practice in hematopathology but serves as a useful review for those taking AP/CP boards. Define the major diagnostic flow cytometric division in B cell lymphomas Recall the phenotype of abnormal plasma cells Recognize the maturational pathway of immature B and T cells

This lecture covers the technology behind flow cytometry including a very high level overview of how a modern flow cytometer works, how fluorophores work along with their technical limitations such as tandem breakdown, and compensation issues. Also covered an explanation for modern displays of bivariate data, fit for purpose panel design, and more examples compensation artifacts. Describe how a flow cytometer works Define the pitfalls and artifacts related to Tandem Breakdowns and Spillover/Compensation

Introduction to gating in flow cytometry with an emphasis on gating strategies in clinical flow cytometry used to identify neoplastic populations of interest. Also covers major artifacts that can lead to spurious results that should be recognized. This lecture serves as the foundation for practical immunophenotyping skills needed to succeed in your early clinical flow cytometry rotation. Define the parameters used in finding populations of interest Understand basic gating strategies used in clinical flow cytometry Recognize the difference between gating and phenotyping markers Identify "junk" events and ignore them for the purposes of clinical immunophenotyping

This presentation will cover fun, bizarre cases in Parasitology. We will discuss the route of infection for various foodborne parasites and the clinical presentation of zoonotic parasites. Describe the route of infection for various foodborne parasites Describe the clinical presentation of zoonotic parasites Discuss diagnostic issues with unusual and uncommon zoonotic parasites

Downward reimbursement pressure and a need for cash is leading to the sale of hospital outreach programs. This is a short-term solution that provides the health system with an infusion of cash but takes away the long-term benefits and revenue potential that comes from investing in the laboratory. With proper planning, it is possible to reclaim outreach business that has been sold, as demonstrated by Tucson Medical Center. Identify the economic pressures on hospital outreach Discuss the value of laboratory outreach List the components of a successful outreach program Describe the steps to reclaiming an outreach program that has been sold

The Introduction to Clinical Cytogenetics lecture 3 will expand on the list of chromosome tests used in the clinic. An in-depth description of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) will be presented, including the major FISH probe strategies, nomenclature, and applications. Chromosome microarray will be presented, together with a description of technical processing, analysis, and applications in constitutional and cancer studies. List the major applications of FISH and genomic microarray analyses in the clinic List the steps involved in the creation and analysis of FISH and genomic microarray testing Discuss potential secondary findings in genomic microarray

The Introduction to Clinical Cytogenetics lecture 2 will explore the many forms of chromosome structural rearrangements observed in cytogenetic studies, their nomenclature notation, and their relationship with health and disease in both the constitutional and cancer settings. Advanced concepts in oncology karyotype nomenclature will be presented to facilitate the recognition of tumor clonal diversity and complex karyotype interpretation. Describe the major classes of chromosome structural rearrangements in humans Identify neoplastic subclonal karyotypic complexity from the ISCN nomenclature Discuss the implications of balanced and unbalanced chromosome structural rearrangements in heredity and cancer

The Introduction to Clinical Cytogenetics course is designed to provide a broad background in the study of chromosome structure, function, and variation, and how this knowledge is applied to clinical testing. This lecture will cover basic biology concepts, including cell division, gametogenesis, and genomic imprinting, as well as common cytogenetic terms such as mosaicism, chimerism, among others. The foundations of karyotype testing will be presented, as well as the nomenclature used to describe chromosomes and their abnormalities. List the major applications of cytogenetic chromosome analyses in the clinic Describe chromosome abnormalities using cytogenetic terms such as aneuploidy, mosaicism, and chimerism List the steps involved in the creation and analysis of a human karyotype

This presentation will provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts of method/assay verification and validation. Which studies are required by CLIA regulations based on waived versus nonwaived test categorization will be defined, as well as best laboratory practices for meeting each of the requirements. Practical application of these concepts will be demonstrated using a recent example of an assay that was implemented at University Hospital laboratory. Identify the difference between method validation and method verification Describe the studies required to document method performance Interpret method performance data and statistical data outcomes

The healthcare industry continues to face the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges include falling margins, flattened revenues, and rising expenses. Given the low Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) based reimbursement under the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) prospective payment system, it is more important than ever for hospitals to focus on quality measures to provide timely and effective care, prevent complications and deaths, reduce readmissions, and minimize the overall cost of care. While Case Management is typically tasked with addressing these issues, partnership with the clinical laboratory can provide valuable and unique insight and strategies.Until recently, Case Management and clinical laboratories were thought to be an unlikely partnership, however, this webinar will explore real world examples of how collaboration with the laboratory can improve quality metrics within a hospital and demonstrate the value of the clinical laboratory. Dr. Fletcher will outline laboratory strategies for driving improvement in length of stay, transitions of care, denials in payment, readmissions, and hospital-acquired conditions. Each of these strategies has potential to save millions of dollars or drive additional revenue while simultaneously improving patient care. List strong evidence of the impact of a clinical laboratory on quality measures to provide timely and effective care, prevent complications and deaths, reduce readmissions, and minimize the overall cost of care Identify and discuss laboratory strategies to address long length of stay, transitions of care and tests pending at discharge, denials in payment due to medical necessity, readmissions, and hospital acquired infections

Clinical laboratories face immense challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic. While support for COVID-19 testing has been an essential focus of the coordinated clinical laboratory response, the pandemic influences laboratory operations in numerous ways that challenge the traditional concepts of laboratory management. In this webinar, ARUP Chief Operations Officer Jonathan Genzen, MD, PhD, details the challenges, setbacks, successes, and opportunities for development throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to consider as laboratories move forward. Identify the challenges of clinical laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic Examine traditional laboratory management concepts and evaluate how they are or are not applicable during a pandemic Propose alternative strategies to accommodate dramatic and selective increases in test volumes during pandemics Describe solutions that support maintaining an intact clinical laboratory workforce—and the overall critical mission—during times of crisis

This presentation will provide an overview of the factors that affect blood pressure and how the endocrine system plays an important role. Endocrine disorders that may present with high blood pressure will be reviewed. A focused discussion on primary hyperaldosteronism will explain how this disorder results in hypertension, and how laboratory testing is critical for its diagnosis. Finally, the problem of low blood pressure will be discussed, and laboratory testing for diabetes insipidus (which may present with low blood pressure) will be outlined. List the hormones that regulate blood pressure. Compare the presentation of endocrine diseases that may cause hypertension. Interpret laboratory testing results for primary hyperaldosteronism and diabetes insipidus.

This presentation will provide a brief overview of blood pressure control by the renin-aldosterone system. Additionally, it will describe how primary hyperaldosteronism occurs when this pathway malfunctions, and how laboratory testing, especially adrenal venous sampling, is critical for diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Finally, interpretation of adrenal venous sampling results will be reviewed. Describe how the renin-aldosterone system controls blood pressure. List the tests important in screening for, confirming, and classifying primary hyperaldosteronism. Explain the benefits of adrenal venous sampling in classifying primary hyperaldosteronism.

Because of the ongoing influences of reimbursement declines, budgetary pressures, staffing shortages, regulatory challenges, and more, hospital laboratories are at increased risk for becoming a "commodity" in the eyes of C-Suite members. Some hospital executives even question whether the laboratory is part of the hospital's core business, and have sold or are considering selling its hospital laboratory operation to an outside commercial entity. This presentation will examine these influences, debunk the myths, and provide attendees with strong supporting evidence for maintaining and expanding the role of the hospital laboratory in the local delivery of healthcare. Identify why some hospital executives view their laboratory, largely, as a commodity Describe proven strategies that will establish the intrinsic and expanding value of the hospital laboratory Create a plan to leverage this value for the overall improvement of patient care and for the overall success of the hospital

Laboratory stewardship, which has evolved from its predecessor of utilization management, is rapidly becoming an essential tool in the clinical laboratory’s arsenal for improving quality patient care. This presentation looks at broad laboratory stewardship topics using the format first popularized by the game show Jeopardy!™. Using this format provides a fun, engaging, and entertaining experience for learners. Our “show” is hosted by Dr. Mike Astion, a widely known and published expert on laboratory stewardship, co-founder of PLUGS (Patient-centered Laboratory Utilization Guidance Services), and Medical Director of Seattle Children’s Hospital Department of Laboratories. Timely and relevant commentary is provided by Dr. Jane Dickerson who is a co-founder of PLUGS and Director of Clinical Services at Seattle Children’s Hospital and Dr. Andrew Fletcher who is the Medical Director of Consultative Services at ARUP Laboratories and also widely known and published expert in laboratory stewardship. Identify key factors that support the practice of clinical laboratory stewardship Describe the essential components of a successful laboratory stewardship program Develop proven stewardship interventions that will improve quality and patient care Discover ways to initiate a new laboratory stewardship program or improve the effectiveness of an existing one

This two-part series provides an introduction to the science of cytogenetics. Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes, genomic structure, function and variation, and the role of these aspects in human disease and heredity. Explanations will include the basics of technologies of chromosome analysis and karyotyping. List common structural chromosome abnormalities and describe them using standard karyotypic nomenclature Describe Robertsonian translocations and their association with aneuploidies and UPD Recognize the mechanisms leading to unbalanced translocations and the formation of recombinant chromosomes Explain the types of chromosomal abnormalities that involve oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes Compare and contrast methodologies used for detection of different cytogenetic abnormalities

This two-part series provides an introduction to the science of cytogenetics. Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes, genomic structure, function and variation, and the role of these aspects in human disease and heredity. Explanations will include the basics of technologies of chromosome analysis and karyotyping. Describe DNA and chromosomal structure and classification Explain the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles Describe mechanisms leading to aberrant ploidy List common numerical chromosome abnormalities and describe them using standard karyotypic nomenclature

Clinical laboratories are increasingly called upon to share genetic testing data, as well as reevaluate results from previously performed tests for hereditary conditions. These efforts create unique opportunities and challenges during the diagnostic workup for new and previously tested patients. This presentation will provide an overview of current practices and policies surrounding genetic data sharing and variant reanalysis, with shared stories on successes and hurdles overcome to help patients with rare genetic disorders end their diagnostic odyssey. Review current practices and policies relating to genetic data sharing and variant reanalysis in clinical laboratories Compare and contrast reevaluation processes for common genomic tests, including next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarray Describe key aspects of data sharing and reanalysis process implementation through retrospective data review and case presentations

Marketing in the reference laboratory industry has evolved over the past 50 years. In the early days, sales reps and upper management had to develop new and effective strategies and tactics that centered on selling a healthcare service as opposed to a product, such as equipment or pharmaceuticals. As such, lab sales reps have learned significant lessons over the years from those nascent times. The listener—either experienced or not—should find some nuggets of wisdom in this presentation that will help him/her grow their business as well as prevent the loss of an account to a competitor. Recognize hidden sales barriers and how to address them Design a repositioning strategy against the competition Identify a compelling sales strategy developed 2400 years ago Advance the sales process with a more strategic approach Create “moments of trust” with clients

This presentation will provide an overview of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations described in Title 42, Part 493 of the Code of Federal Regulations along with basic CLIA standards and requirements for laboratory certification and/or accreditation. Describe the role of CLIA in non-research laboratory testing (testing for patient care) Compare and contrast the five types of CLIA laboratory certificates List the general accreditation requirements

In this lecture Dr. Tracy George focuses on the microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and pericardial fluid. Both normal and abnormal cell types will be shown and features that help distinguish benign from malignant cytology will be discussed. Recommendations for additional ancillary studies will also be explored. Describe different cytopreparatory methods for body fluids Define transudate versus exudate and how this is used to help define the etiology of a body fluid Distinguish benign from malignant cytology in CSF and body fluids Explore the variability of mesothelial cell morphology

Opioid medication abuse and misuse is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The clinical laboratory plays a vital role as the healthcare system in the United States deals with the current opioid epidemic. This lecture is intended to help medical laboratory scientists gain a basic understanding of clinical uses of opioid medications, the short- and long-term effects of opioid use, and the different scenarios for performance of opioid testing for patients. In addition, this lecture covers laboratory testing methods for opioids and includes clinical cases to illustrate how test results can be combined with clinical information to determine individual drug use patterns in order to help build physician-patient relationships. Explain what opioid medications are and their clinical uses List the potential short- and long-term consequences of opioid use Discuss the different laboratory tests for opioids and their uses

During this presentation, we will discuss how order sets impact the laboratory and examine specific issues regarding test ordering. Next, we will explore an example of an efficient order set development/maintenance process and highlight how the laboratory can contribute. Physician preference items (“favorites”) will also be discussed as well as possible solutions for optimization. We will offer specific examples of laboratory order set initiatives and optimization so that laboratorians can begin driving quality and cost reduction in their healthcare systems. Explain why order sets are relevant to the laboratory Summarize the definition of order sets Describe an optimal order set development and maintenance process Identify possible order set solutions for specific laboratory problems

Extreme molecular diagnostics takes only seconds. With very short turn-around times, pre-analytical and post-analytical challenges are minimized, point-of-care testing makes sense, and high-throughput is not necessary. Extreme PCR in <15 seconds, high speed melting analysis in 4 seconds, and rapid sample preparation enable sample-to-answer diagnostics in <1 minute. Describe necessary conditions to increase the speed of PCR Discuss simplicity over complexity in developing molecular techniques Recognize that faster PCR and faster melting can result in better PCR and better melting

This presentation describes a pathway for health care technology companies to incorporate medical ethics into their business strategy. It provides counterexamples of health technology companies who failed to prioritize patient interests, and ultimately failed financially as a result. The medical ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice are briefly described, along with illustrations from the information technology sector. Identify the three foundational principles of medical ethics Explain how businesses can enhance their long-term success through social responsibility Describe some of the risks of unregulated artificial intelligence in health care

Big data and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing most areas of society, and are poised to make a similar impact on health care and medicine. Like all new powerful technologies, AI has risks as well as benefits. If not carefully managed, AI can contribute to serious harm to patients in areas including privacy and nosocomial injury. This presentation will describe the nature of these risks along with potential approaches to reduce harm. Identify key limitations of HIPAA in the big data/AI era Identify mechanisms of bias in black box algorithms Describe mechanisms for AI risk reduction through both public policy and academic research

The Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Science (DCLS) is an advanced practice healthcare practitioner dedicated to increasing the value of diagnostics through consultation as members of interprofessional healthcare teams and conducting research focused on evidence of the impact of diagnostics on healthcare outcomes. As a member of interprofessional healthcare teams, the DCLS contributes by providing consultation to assure quality & value improvement in utilization and delivery of laboratory services. Consultation occurs in a variety of setting as described in the Diagnostics Consultation Model©. Case examples will demonstrate the value of the DCLS consult to quality patient care, safety, laboratory utilization and cost outcomes. Assess the evidence of the need to improve the delivery of clinical laboratory diagnostic services Define the Doctorate in Clinical Laboratory Science Describe the Diagnostics Consultation Model (DCM©) Evaluate the contribution of DCLS consultations related to patient safety, quality patient care, and cost

Lab and pharmacy interact on a daily basis, whether intentionally or incidentally. Identifying these areas is a starting point for a more collaborative partnership in patient care activities. There are also many benefits to each department and the hospital overall. In addition, emerging, high profile initiatives depend heavily upon teamwork and leadership from both lab and pharmacy for success. Identify areas of healthcare where lab and pharmacy intersect Explain how lab and pharmacy produce better outcomes together Discuss ways where lab and pharmacy collectively improve Population Health Describe out how precision medicine initiatives require both lab and pharmacy for success

It is crucial to correctly identify ABO discrepancies. All ABO discrepancies must be investigated and the underlying cause identified before a patient or donor’s correct blood type can be resulted. Given the results of ABO typing, correctly identify if a discrepancy exists and if the source is most likely in the forward or reverse type. Describe in detail several causes of ABO discrepancies due to the following: Weak or missing reactivity in the reverse typing Unexpected reactivity in the reverse typing Weak or missing reactivity in the forward typing Unexpected reactivity in the forward typing Describe appropriate follow-up testing that is necessary in the resolution of ABO discrepancies

This panel discussion will cover some different outsourcing arrangements offered by commercial laboratories, focusing specifically on the impacts to laboratory personnel, clinician satisfaction, and patient care.This video lecture is part three of a three-part series entitled "Don't Sell Your Lab Short." Identify key aspects of laboratory performance that can be impacted by outsourcing Recognize issues that may arise during a transition to an outsourcing arrangement Identify ways to proactively engage hospital leadership around issues of laboratory operations

Does your lab currently obtain tests or other services from an outside vendor that could potentially be insourced? Or has your lab or hospital considered outsourcing some or all lab services to an outside company? These types of decisions are extremely common throughout healthcare, and they’re often driven by top-down financial analyses, which, in some cases, leads to disastrous outcomes. This presentation will provide examples from healthcare and other industries to show how a more holistic approach to cost analysis can lead to better insourcing and outsourcing decisions.This video lecture is part one of a three-part series entitled "Don't Sell Your Lab Short." Identify key cost drivers that don’t show up on a lab’s financial statements Recognize common sourcing errors made by healthcare administrators, along with potential consequences Identify ways to manage key clinical and financial stakeholders; how to balance their needs and interests

This session will discuss many of the interventions undertaken by the speaker at his institution to improve care delivery through laboratory stewardship interventions. Emphasis will be placed on laboratory leadership, collaboration with clinical colleagues, the importance of communication and professionalism, and a systems-based approach to problem solving. Evidence will be presented that these interventions, in addition to promoting healthcare affordability, directly improve the quality of healthcare delivered, as outlined by the Institute of Medicine. Discuss opportunities to improve quality and patient safety Review strategies to enhance patient care and the patient experience Describe opportunities to increase laboratory efficiency and effectiveness while decreasing costs

This lecture provides an introduction to familial genetic testing, meant for non-genetics providers and other healthcare professionals. Standard genetics methodologies are reviewed, and considerations for streamlining test selection and ordering are discussed. Recognize different methodologies for performing family specific genetic testing Explain why positive control samples and a proband’s original test report are important for accurate testing Identify how genetic counselors can serve as a resource during the familial testing process

Having a strong ergonomics program can help decrease workers compensation claims and improve employee’s performance. This workshop will focus on what ergonomics is and why it is an important element of a comprehensive occupational health and safety program.We will review proper workstation setup, as well as laboratory ergonomic work practices and principals with a focus on repetitive tasks such as microscope use, pipetting, and miscellaneous hand tool and computer use. Additionally, we will identify what to include in an ergonomics program—from effective training to ergonomic assessments and everything in between.Additionally, we will discuss specific laboratory case studies and work through problem-solving exercises to identify risk factors in a laboratory setting and how to mitigate the identified risk. Define ergonomics and describe the impacts in a lab work environment. Discuss common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Discuss components of a comprehensive laboratory ergonomic program Discuss steps and changes that can be implemented to reduce injury (MSDs) and increase productivity and reduce error rates.

This session will provide an understanding of three fundamental concepts of quality control: stability, capability and controllability. The theory of each of these concepts will be described and will be followed with practical advice on how to apply these concepts in the real world. A top level approach to quality improvement will be presented along with practical tools to implement each phase of the quality improvement process. The goal is to provide participants with a practical approach to QC analysis and a roadmap for QC improvement. Define process stability, describe how to assess stability, and describe the steps to take to stabilize a process that is unstable. Define process capability, describe how to assess capability, and, if a process is not capable, describe the steps required to make a process capable. Define a QC plan and process controllability, describe how to assess controllability, and if a process is not controllable, how to achieve controllability.

How should laboratories treat their clinician customers? On one hand, laboratories want to provide excellent customer service by accommodating their clinical customers’ preferences. On the other hand, laboratories need to enforce standardized processes such as proper specimen submission. This pre-recorded webinar will provide examples from other industries to illustrate how a “tough love” approach can produce high levels of process quality and clinician loyalty at the same time. Identify problems that can result from a “customer is already right” approach to laboratory services Recognize the importance of cultural motivation in producing alignment between laboratories and their clinical customers List techniques that can induce and reinforce desired behaviors on the part of clinical customers

Clinical laboratories often receive orders for tests that are outside the mainstream of clinical testing. Some of these are new/emerging tests for which there simply isn’t a lot of clinical experience. Some are research biomarkers that are primarily of interest to bench scientists. Some are panels or algorithms designed largely in response to marketing considerations. What these all have in common is a lack of clinical evidence demonstrating clinical utility, i.e., therapeutic benefit for patients as a consequence of the tests. How should clinical labs evaluate requests for such tests? Historically many laboratories have approached these requests from a financial and/or logistical perspective, approving the tests as long as they don’t overly burden the local laboratory (and provided that they are performed in a CLIA-licensed setting). This presentation will present an additional framework for consideration, namely bioethics. What is the ethical impact of such testing on the individual patient as well as on society as a whole? And how can potentially useful—but still unproven—laboratory tests be introduced into clinical settings in an ethically consistent manner?Presented as part of a live Seattle Children's Hospital Webinar Series. Describe the main ethical principles presented in the Belmont Report and the Declaration of Geneva Describe the primary ethical tradeoffs involved in use of lab tests that lack evidence of clinical utility Describe ethically sound ways to introduce new tests into clinical settings

The ABO blood group system is the most important in transfusion medicine. This presentation covers basic ABO inheritance, antigen production and expression, and weak subgroups. Describe the biochemistry and production of the A, B, and H antigens. Compare and contrast the subgroups of the A and B blood types. Describe two lectins that can be used to aid in correct ABO typing. Given the results of forward and reverse ABO typing, correctly interpret the patient’s ABO group and identify patterns of discrepancy.

This presentation will delve into the concept of lab stewardship and its critical role for the future of laboratory medicine. Dr. Fletcher will also outline several strategies for implementing successful interventions to drive downstream savings in healthcare systems. Analyze ordering patterns to identify over, under, and misuse of tests. Estimate the clinical and economic impact of suboptimal test ordering. Identify opportunities to improve patient care with shorter times to diagnosis. Develop and implement a laboratory test formulary. Describe ways to establish client UM program governance and engage ordering physicians. Formulate strategies to minimize downstream costs through appropriate testing.

This lecture will describe the roles of a mentor and protégé. It will evaluate the responsibilities of each member of the partnership to ensure cross functional development within the organizations. It will describe strategies to use when setting up a successful mentoring program. Participants will leave the course understanding the keys to a successful mentoring program. Participants will evaluate themselves on their effectiveness as a mentor. Participants will demonstrate strategies learned in the presentation to increase their confidence as a mentor.

No short description Summarize the basics of human behavior. Identify the concepts of a traditional safety programs. Identify the concepts of a behavior based safety programs. Describe how to create and maintain a positive safety culture through a behavior based safety program.

This lecture will examine how bullying in the workplace might be defined and specific examples of how these behaviors might be displayed. In addition, methods for addressing and dealing with bullying, as well as current legislative and organizational strategies, will be covered. Identify key characteristics of bullying behavior and specific examples of how this behavior might be displayed. Apply suggested techniques to address bullying behavior. Discuss legislative and organizational strategies to prevent bullying in the workplace.

This course describes the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) testing method used in many analytical tests. Included are descriptions of the testing process and what is being tested. Animations are used to help illustrate what is happening at the molecular level. Explain how an ELISA test determines if a person has certain antigens or antibodies. Explain the process of conducting an ELISA test. Explain interactions that take place at the molecular level (inside the microtiter well) during an ELISA test.

Several effective approaches to antibody identification in the routine blood bank exist. This presentation explains a conservative approach to antibody identification and several demonstrations of ruling out, choosing appropriate selected cells, and completing antibody workups are given. State the clinical utility of antibody identification. Describe the principle and procedure of the antibody identification tests. Explain heterozygosity and homozygosity as they apply to antibody identification. List allelic pairs in the following blood group systems: Rh, Duffy, Kidd, MNSs. Given patient test results, work through the antibody identification process.

In this lecture, Dr. Schmidt covers performance evaluation of diagnostic tests. Traditional performance measures such as sensitivity, specificity and ROC curves are reviewed. Reasons for differences in diagnostic studies are examined including real differences, threshold effects, sources of bias, and random variation. Shortcomings of the traditional approaches to test evaluation are also discussed and alternative approaches such as diagnostic research (vs test research), clinical trial evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation are presented. Calculate basic accuracy statistics such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and Area under the Curve(AUC). Understand reasons for differences in diagnostic accuracy: real differences, bias, random variation, cut-offs. Understand the difference between tests conducted under ideal conditions vs real conditions. Understand the role of higher-level approaches to performance evaluation.

Laboratories are under intense pressure to increase value. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) can help labs increase value by identifying optimum testing scenarios. This webinar explains important concepts such as cost-perspectives, methods for estimating costs, estimating outcomes, evaluating outcomes, and evaluating uncertainty in model outputs. At the end of this lecture, viewers will understand the different types of frameworks and analyses that are used in cost-effectiveness analysis. Review the basic types of analyses that support cost-effectiveness analysis. Describe the opportunities and challenges in applying cost-effectiveness analysis to diagnostic tests. Examples of how lab data is being used to determine if certain lab testing strategies are cost effective.

The Lewis system is unique among blood group systems in that the antigens are not manufactured within the erythrocyte, nor do they form an integral part of the cytoskeletal membrane. Rather, they are synthesized by tissues, secreted into blood and body fluids, and adsorb onto the red blood cell. While antibodies against antigens in this system are fairly commonly encountered, they are generally not considered to be clinically significant in transfusion. In vitro and in vivo hemolysis are rare but have been reported. Because Lewis phenotype expression is based upon the interaction of several genes, and because the phenotype expression can be transient, the Lewis system is a fascinating system to learn about. Describe the Lewis system in terms of genetic interactions, the formation and secretion of Lewis antigens, clinical significance of antibodies produced, and transient phenotypes. Given results of a secretor inhibition study, correctly interpret whether substances are present or not present. Based on these results, apply your knowledge of gene interaction to identify the likely Le, Se, and ABH genes present.

Hematology instrumentation has advanced to now routinely include at least a five-part differential and, in some laboratories, automated cell image analysis. Yet, a manual examination of the blood smear is still an essential procedure that provides valuable diagnostic information. This session will use case studies to define important morphologic variations and physiologic processes in selected disease conditions. Morphologically differentiate abnormal variations in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. Explain underlying physiological processes for abnormal RBC, WBC, and platelet morphology. Describe the morphologic basis for distinguishing benign from malignant WBC disorders. Correlate abnormal cellular morphologic variations with selected case studies.

Laboratory formularies are an emerging tool for promoting effective use of the clinical laboratory. This presentation covers the key considerations for developing, applying, and managing a lab formulary: governance, process, evidence base, and analytics. In the end, a formulary is not so much a product as it is an interconnected system for managing and influencing diagnostic practices. Describe the motivation for establishing oversight of test ordering. Explain key principles of effective clinical governance. Illustrate the application of analytics within a test management system.

Discrepant results are often identified by delta check alerts. Delta checks compare current laboratory results to previous results; if the difference between the two values exceeds predetermined biological limits (within a predetermined length of time), a technologist is alerted and the discrepancy can be investigated further. Causes of discrepant laboratory results include both preanalytical and analytical issues, as well as true biological changes occurring within the patient.Many preanalytical issues cannot be detected by traditional QC methods, leading to the possible reporting of erroneous laboratory results. The wrong result compromises patient care by leading to inappropriate diagnoses or treatment. Delta check alerts provide an additional means to identify these types of problems, in addition to alerting health care providers to true changes in their patient’s condition. Define a delta check error or limit. Recognize sources of preanalytical, analytical, and biological variation and how they may affect laboratory tests. Perform calculations that may be used to determine delta check limits. Outline important questions to ask when investigating a discrepant laboratory result.

Clinical Laboratory Scientists are trained to perform laboratory tests and to troubleshoot and validate the results of those tests which contribute to a patient’s medical diagnosis. During this presentation, we will compare the steps involved in preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical laboratory testing to the steps involved in preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases of developing leaders in the clinical laboratory. Compare the steps involved in pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical laboratory testing and those same phases in developing leaders. Discuss the importance of setting goals in the leadership development process. Discuss the importance of feedback in the leadership development process.

Tired of fighting with the finance department to get the resources you need to carry out your mission? Ever feel that your CFO is from a different planet and that you just can’t communicate? Do financial concerns kill creativity and stifle progress in your organization? Where is the peace? Where is the love?This lecture will give you practical tips and tools to help your organization balance operational and financial considerations. First, this course unlocks the mysterious world of accounting . . . revealing the core principles, objectives, and concepts of this centuries-old art. Next, we tackle the sometimes thorny subject of “Margin” verses “Mission” providing some useful prospective on this important topic. Next, we shatter the language barrier, giving you simple terms and lingo to facilitate financial communications. Soon you’ll be fluent in the latest accounting jargon. Finally, we conclude with some take-home financial analysis tools that will have your finance people saying: “Wow! – How’d you get so darn smart?!!!” Recognize and appreciate the value and beauty of accounting. Converse with greater freedom and confidence in financial realms. Balance operational needs and economic constraints in a productive way. Build simple, but effective, financial analysis models.

Our traditional response to complex problems is to find and eliminate the human behaviors that we think are responsible for errors, and are perplexed when the error we thought we eradicated occurs again and again. We ignore the fact that 95% of process performance is attributable to the design of the work and the system in which the work resides and only 5% to the human component. The importance of creative design in the laboratory is often overlooked and its potential is underutilized. In this session we will discover how to design a work environment where error is, if not impossible, at least very difficult. Using innovative problem solving principles and techniques, we will open the door to organizational excellence by design. Distinguish between quality performance and quality design. Learn three approaches to quality design. Understand the principles of innovative problem solving.

This shouldn’t be shocking news to most healthcare professionals, but customer service IS a critical function of quality patient care. However, when we as laboratorians think about customer service activities and how that translates into patient care, we tend to think it’s just about what occurs in the literal presence of patients. So, here’s what may be news to some, the patient experience isn’t just about what we do when we’re in their physical presence, but also what we do as we interact with everyone who is in any way associated with their care. Therefore, we must make every effort to be engaged in skilled customer service activities with everyone, at all times. Now, the question may arise, what ARE the necessary skills and activities for providing great customer service (i.e., quality patient care) and how well do YOU execute them? This session will provide an opportunity for self-assessment utilizing a customer service skills preferred profile and an interactive discussion regarding the do’s and don’ts for outstanding customer service. Utilize a self-assessment tool in order to benchmark themselves against a customer service preferred profile while also identifying the skills and activities where personal improvement would yield better customer service and quality patient care outcomes. Learn how to recognize what happens during customer service interactions that can cause poor outcomes and a negative experience for customers (i.e., co-workers, other healthcare providers, patients, and patients families). Determine the skills and activities that promote outstanding customer service.

This is a basic overview of the disease malaria and the causative agents, Plasmodium species. The life cycles of the parasites and their differentiating characteristics in the human host are discussed, for Plasmodium falciparum. P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae. Case studies demonstrate the disease states caused by each species. Discuss the unique life cycle of the parasite Plasmodium, in the human host and insect vector. Correctly identify the parasite based on the patient history and structures observed in the patient’s blood smears. Provide recommended guidelines for prevention and treatment of malaria.

Phlebotomists routinely encounter dangerous conditions, problem patients, and other issues during blood collection. This session will suggest techniques that can help you avoid or safely manage these difficulties. Areas to be discussed include:risks associated with venous blood collection, such as improper vein selection and needlestick exposureunusual patient situations that impact phlebotomy practice, including the cancer and bariatric patientcommunication barriers and methods to improve patient interactions, like developing good listening skills and effective communication approaches with the elderlyDesigned for phlebotomists and phlebotomy students who have comprehension of the basics of the venipuncture technique, this session will enhance your skills, build your knowledge base, and help you deliver the highest quality in patient care. Discuss advantages, disadvantages, and challenges associated with the collection of blood specimens from various anatomic sites and in special patient conditions. Identify precautionary measures and actions that promote safe use of phlebotomy equipment. List barriers to effectively communicating with patients.

Employees being able to report laboratory errors without fear is a key component of an effective error management system. This presentation will focus on the necessity for making the system useful and easy to use. Case studies are used to discuss a variety of errors and to illustrate how identification of errors can lead to practical solutions in error prevention. A just culture vs. punitive culture will be addressed along with ideas for getting employee “buy-in”. Additionally, strategies for mentoring and coaching employees with high error rates will be provided. Identify components of an effective Error Management Program. Improve event investigation and action processes. Identify ways to foster an error reporting culture without fear. Explore strategies to coach employees with high error rates.

When we bring up the topic of change, we often think of it as a negative. But why? We’re not opposed to changing a hairstyle, the color of our hair, changing cars, or even changing jobs. Now cell phone contracts are starting to lighten up so we can have a new cell phone almost every six months. There has been a lot of information written about the logical steps to change, but what about the human side of change? Cheryl Vincent will discuss the steps to change but also add a human dimension to the concept of Change Management. Identify John Kotter's 8 Steps for Change Identify the four types of listeners for communicating change Identify the four quadrants of the Strategic Communications Model for Change Identify at least four ways that laboratory scientists serve as change agents

Ms. Manning will give a comparison of the differences in learning in the laboratory and nursing professions. She will share personal examples of the struggles each profession has in understanding each other. She will also discuss practical ways to bridge the gaps in understanding between the two professions. Ms. Manning encourages the audience to be interactive and to share problems as well as best practices and successes in bridging the gap between these two professions. Identify different models for learning by the laboratory and nursing professions. Identify barriers to communications between the two professions. Explore strategies to build strong positive relationships between laboratory and nursing staff.

Eradicating error in healthcare may seem like a Sisyphean task, yet legislators, regulators and the public in general expect error-free work from medical professionals. How to work without error is the subject of countless lectures, papers and studies, encompassing every discipline from manufacturing to service. The Toyota Production System of quality manufacturing uses the term "poke-yoke" (mistake-proofing) to describe the process of eliminating production defects. "Error-Proofing in Healthcare" will distill and discuss the essential elements of "poke-yoke", starting with defining and exploring the types of error most often encountered in the provision of medical care. Proven improvement tools and techniques for ensuring quality outputs will be presented with practical applications to place the error-proofing strategy in the context of the laboratory. Describe the three components of laboratory error. Use the principles of process design to eliminate the potential for error. Differentiate between improvement strategies for production and service.